Gender, Growth, and Poverty Reduction
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This note focuses on the core findings,
and recommendations of the 1998 status report on poverty in
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), prepared for the Special Program
for Assistance for Africa (SPA), a thematic examination of
the linkages between gender, growth, and poverty reduction
in SSA. Primarily focused on agriculture, and the rural
sector, the report argues that one of the factors
constraining growth, and poverty in SSA is gender inequality
in the access to, and control of a diverse range of assets.
The note reviews the determinants of growth, and the
interdependence of the market, and household economies,
where much of women's productive work is unrecorded,
(in Kenya, about sixty percent of female activities are
unaccounted for, compared with only twenty four percent of
male activities). Furthermore, micro-level analyses portray
a consistent picture of gender-based asset inequality,
pointing at patterns of disadvantage faced by women, in
accessing the basic assets, and resources required for a
full participation in SSA's growth potential. In
education, although girls have made rapid strides in
completing primary education, lowering the gender gap,
differentials persist due to social, and cultural factors;
and, in health, an enormous gender differential in the
region's sexual, and reproductive burden of disease, is
observed, as measured by deaths, and disability-adjusted
life years. Recommendations include women's budget
initiatives, sustained investments in education/health, and,
raising the visibility of domestic work in national statistics.
Palabras clave
AGED, AGRICULTURE, CAPITA GROWTH, CASE STUDIES, CASE STUDY, CIVIL SOCIETY, CROPS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT, EQUALITY, EXTENSION, FARMERS, FEMALES, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, FOOD STORAGE, GENDER, GENDER DISPARITIES, GIRLS, GROWTH RATE, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH SERVICES, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, INCOMES, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, MARKETING, MORTALITY, POLICY WORK, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION GROWTH, POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION POLICY, POVERTY STATUS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRODUCTIVE ASSETS, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SERVICES, RESEARCH INSTITUTE, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL POLICY, SOILS, WATER SUPPLY POVERTY REDUCTION, GENDER INEQUALITY, HUMAN CAPITAL, GIRLS' EDUCATION, WOMEN'S HEALTH, ACCESS TO CREDIT, FINANCIAL SERVICES, WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION, SOCIAL CAPITAL, PUBLIC POLICY, HOUSEHOLD DATA, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ASSET RATIO