The proportion of anemia associated with iron deficiency in low, medium, and high human development index countries: A systematic analysis of national surveys

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dc.creatorPetry, Nicolai
dc.creatorOlofin, Ibironke
dc.creatorHurrell, Richard F.
dc.creatorBoy, Erick
dc.creatorWirth, James P.
dc.creatorMoursi, Mourad
dc.creatorAngel, Moira Donahue
dc.creatorRohner, Fabian
dc.date2016-11-10
dc.date2024-06-21T09:24:46Z
dc.date2024-06-21T09:24:46Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T15:25:00Z
dc.descriptionIron deficiency is commonly assumed to cause half of all cases of anemias, with hereditary blood disorders and infections such as hookworm and malaria being the other major causes. In countries ranked as low, medium, and high by the Human Development Index, we conducted a systematic review of nationally representative surveys that reported the prevalence of iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, and anemia among pre-school children and non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Using random effects meta-analyses techniques, data from 23 countries for pre-school children and non-pregnant women of reproductive age was pooled, and the proportion of anemia attributable to iron deficiency was estimated by region, inflammation exposure, anemia prevalence, and urban/rural setting. For pre-school children and non-pregnant women of reproductive age, the proportion of anemia associated with iron deficiency was 25.0% (95% CI: 18.0, 32.0) and 37.0% (95% CI: 28.0, 46.0), respectively. The proportion of anemia associated with iron deficiency was lower in countries where anemia prevalence was >40%, especially in rural populations (14% for pre-school children; 16% for non-pregnant women of reproductive age), and in countries with very high inflammation exposure (20% for pre-school children; 25% for non-pregnant women of reproductive age). Despite large heterogeneity, our analyses suggest that the proportion of anemia associated with iron deficiency is lower than the previously assumed 50% in countries with low, medium, or high Human Development Index ranking. Anemia-reduction strategies and programs should be based on an analysis of country-specific data, as iron deficiency may not always be the key determinant of anemia.
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/148469
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/103725
dc.languageen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourcePetry, Nicolai; Olofin, Ibironke; Hurrell, Richard F.; Boy, Erick; Wirth, James P.; Moursi, Mourad; Angel, Moira Donahue; and Rohner, Fabian. 2016. The proportion of anemia associated with iron deficiency in low, medium, and high human development index countries: A systematic analysis of national surveys. Nutrients 2016, 8(11), 693. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110693
dc.subjecthuman development stages
dc.subjectanaemia
dc.subjectnutrition
dc.subjectmothers
dc.subjectchildren
dc.subjectiron
dc.subjectiron deficiency
dc.titleThe proportion of anemia associated with iron deficiency in low, medium, and high human development index countries: A systematic analysis of national surveys
dc.typeJournal Article

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Instituto Internacional de Investigación sobre Políticas Alimentarias (IFPRI)