Options and Guidance for the Development of Baselines

Partnership for Market Readiness

Options and Guidance for the Development of Baselines

Autores

Partnership for Market Readiness

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

Developed under the auspices of the Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR) and with advice and input from its Baselines Working Group, this document offers guidance and options for the development of emissions baselines, a key component for assessing the emission reductions in in both market and non-market based mechanisms. In the context of this document, a baseline refers to a scenario that describes expected or desired greenhouse gas emissions levels and that can be used as a basis for determining the amount of emissions reductions achieved as the result of a crediting, trading, or other mechanism. This document is divided into two parts. Part one (sections two and three) presents the context for emissions baselines, introduces key concepts and terms, and describes principles, considerations, and potential trade-offs that can inform decisions in the development of robust and transparent baselines. Part two provides a step-by-step description of how guidance users , a term we use here for those using this guidance, can develop baselines. Part two begins with a brief description of options for baseline development and approval, and proceeds in six further sections (5-10) to present options to define and update baselines. In the future, this document will be supplemented by additional documents illustrating how the guidance presented here can be applied to specific market or non-market mechanisms involving a variety of economic sectors and GHG emission sources. Finally, this document is intended to be dynamic. Over time, as experience is gained and consensus emerges on best practices, this document may evolve to provide more specific guidelines, where and as appropriate.

Palabras clave

ABATEMENT, ABSOLUTE EMISSION, ABSOLUTE EMISSIONS, ACCEPTABLE LEVELS, AGGREGATE EMISSIONS, AIR, ALLOCATION OF ALLOWANCES, ALLOWANCE, ALLOWANCE ALLOCATION, ALLOWANCE ALLOCATIONS, ALLOWANCE COSTS, ALUMINUM, ALUMINUM INDUSTRIES, AMOUNT OF EMISSIONS, APPROACH, AUCTION, AVAILABILITY, BALANCE, BASELINE DETERMINATION, BASELINE EMISSIONS, BASELINE METHODOLOGIES, BASELINE METHODOLOGY, BASELINE METHODS, CALCULATED EMISSION, CALCULATION, CAPS, CARBON, CARBON ASSETS, CARBON FINANCE, CARBON MARKET, CEMENT, CEMENT PLANTS, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM, CLIMATE, CLIMATE ACTION, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONS, CLIMATE POLICY, CO2, COAL, COAL PLANT, COAL POWER PLANTS, DISCOUNT FACTOR, DISTRIBUTION OF EMISSIONS, DOMESTIC CARBON, DOMESTIC EMISSIONS, DOMESTIC EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEMS, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, ECONOMIC SECTORS, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELIGIBLE CREDITS, EMISSION, EMISSION ESTIMATES, EMISSION FACTOR, EMISSION FACTORS, EMISSION LEVELS, EMISSION PERFORMANCE, EMISSION RATES, EMISSION REDUCING, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, EMISSION TARGET, EMISSION TRADING, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS ALLOWANCES, EMISSIONS BASELINE, EMISSIONS BASELINES, EMISSIONS CREDITS, EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION, EMISSIONS INTENSITY, EMISSIONS LEAKAGE, EMISSIONS LEVELS, EMISSIONS OBLIGATIONS, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, EMISSIONS RELATIVE, EMISSIONS SCENARIOS, EMISSIONS TRAJECTORY, EMISSIONS LEAKAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT, ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY, EQUIVALENT EMISSION REDUCTIONS, FINANCIAL FLOWS, FINANCIAL INCENTIVES, FINANCIAL PAYMENTS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FORESTRY, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FREE ALLOCATION, FUEL CONSUMPTION, FUEL TYPE, FUEL USE, FUELS, GASES, GHG, GHGS, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS, GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GAS POLICY, GRID EMISSION FACTOR, GRID EMISSIONS, GWP, HOT AIR, IMPORTS, INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONS, INTERNATIONAL EMISSIONS, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE, LEVELS OF EMISSIONS, MARKET CLEARING PRICE, MEASURE EMISSION REDUCTIONS, MITIGATION ACTIONS, N2O, NATURAL GAS, NITRIC ACID, NITRIC ACID PRODUCTION, OFFSET PROGRAM, PENALTIES, PERFORMANCE DATA, PERFORMANCE STANDARD, PERFORMANCE STANDARDS, POLICY MAKERS, POWER, POWER GENERATION, POWER PLANT, POWER PLANTS, POWER SECTOR, PRODUCTION OF ENERGY, REAL EMISSION REDUCTIONS, REGIONAL ELECTRICITY, REGIONAL ELECTRICITY GRID, REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY FACILITIES, SEQUESTRATION ACTIVITIES, SURPLUS OF ALLOWANCES, TOTAL EMISSION REDUCTIONS, TOTAL EMISSIONS, TRADABLE ALLOWANCES, TRADING PROGRAMS, TRANSACTION COSTS, UNCERTAINTIES, UNEP, VEHICLE, VERIFICATION OF EMISSION REDUCTIONS, PMR