War and Women’s Work : Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal

Menon, Nidhiya; van der Meulen Rodgers, Yana

War and Women’s Work : Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal

Autores

Descripción

This paper examines how Nepal's 1996-2006 civil conflict affected women's decisions to engage in employment. Using three waves of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, the authors employ a difference-in-difference approach to identify the impact of war on women's employment decisions. The results indicate that as a result of the Maoist-led insurgency, women's employment probabilities were substantially higher in 2001 and 2006 relative to the outbreak of war in 1996. These employment results also hold for self-employment decisions, and they hold for smaller sub-samples that condition on husband's migration status and women's status as widows or household heads. Numerous robustness checks of the difference-in-difference estimates based on alternative empirical methods provide compelling evidence that women's likelihood of employment increased as a consequence of the conflict.

Palabras clave

ABDUCTION, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, AGE OF MARRIAGE, AGGREGATE INCOME, AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL WAGE, AGRICULTURAL WAGE EMPLOYMENT, AID AGENCIES, BULLETIN, BUSINESS CYCLE, CASH EARNINGS, CHILD WELFARE, CHILD-CARE, CIVIL CONFLICT, CIVIL WAR, DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISABILITY, DISPLACEMENT, DISSEMINATION, DIVORCE, DOMINANCE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC SHOCK, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN, EDUCATED WOMEN, ELDERLY, EMPLOYEE, EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS, EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS, EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS, EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, ETHNIC GROUP, ETHNIC GROUPS, EXCLUSION RESTRICTION, FAMILIES, FAMILY HEALTH, FAMILY HEALTH DIVISION, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY PLANNING, FARM PRODUCTION, FARM WORK, FEMALE, FEMALE LABOR, FERTILITY, FERTILITY DECLINE, FOOD SECURITY, FORCED MIGRATION, FOREIGN LABOR, FOREST COVER, FORESTED REGIONS, FUTURE GENERATIONS, GENDER, GENDER STUDIES, GENOCIDE, GIRL CHILDREN, HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HOME, HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, HOUSEHOLD FACTORS, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION, HUSBAND, HUSBANDS, IMPACT OF CONFLICT, IMPORTANT POLICY, INCOME INEQUALITY, INDICATOR OF POVERTY, INEQUITIES, INFORMAL SECTOR, JOB CREATION, JOB LOSS, JOBS, JUDGE, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MIGRATION, LABOR STANDARDS, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOUR, LABOUR SUPPLY, LOCAL POPULATION, MALE WORKERS, MARITAL STATUS, MARRIED COUPLES, MARRIED WOMEN, MIGRANT, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORTALITY, MORTALITY OF MEN, NATIONAL LEVEL, NUMBER OF DEATHS, NUMBER OF WOMEN, OCCUPATION, OCCUPATIONS, OLDER WOMEN, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, PAYING JOBS, PEACE, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POOR, POPULATION STUDIES, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, PREVIOUS RESULTS, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PROBIT EQUATIONS, PROBIT REGRESSION, PROBIT REGRESSIONS, PROGRESS, RADIO, REGIONAL LEVEL, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, RESIDENCE, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOLING, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SOCIAL CHANGE, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SPOUSE, SUB-REGION, SUB-REGIONS, SUBREGIONS, SUBSISTENCE, SUBSISTENCE FARMING, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TARGETING, TELEVISION, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, VICTIMS, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WAGE EMPLOYMENT, WAR, WARS, WIDOWS, WILL, WIVES, WOMAN, WOMEN'S STATUS, WOMENS LABOR FORCE, WORK BURDENS, WORKER