Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable Development : Country Summary Report for Bangladesh
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World Bank Group, Washington, DC
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Bangladesh is a low-income country with
gross national income of $1,940 per capita in purchasing
power parity (PPP) in 2011. It has made great strides in
economic and social development outcomes, particularly in
health, and is on track to achieving most of the
health-related Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets.
Under-five mortality has been cut by half in the last decade
(to 46 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2011). It has also
strongly invested in and promoted family planning programs
since the 1950s. Fertility rates have fallen sharply to 2.2
births per woman in 2011. But despite this drop, its
population is projected to grow to 202 million by 2050
(Population Division of the Department of Economic and
Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat 2013).
About one-third of the population is still poor. Bangladesh
spends about 3.8 percent of GDP on health, while public
spending accounts for one-third of total health expenditures
(THE). Out-of-pocket (OOP) spending constitutes about 60
percent of THE, with evident implications for financial
protection, especially among the worse off. The country
faces multiple challenges in improving efficiency and
quality across health, human resources for health (HRH)
being a key bottleneck at all levels. However, it provides
an example of a country that is in the initial phases of
exploring mechanisms to improve health services coverage and
financial protection to its population, with a commitment to
achieving universal health coverage (UHC) by 2032, and one
that has innovative approaches to addressing key health care
issues, including equity and citizen engagement.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, AIR POLLUTION, ANTENATAL CARE, BASIC HEALTH CARE, BASIC HEALTH SERVICES, BEDS, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, CATASTROPHIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD SURVIVAL, CITIZEN, CITIZENS, CLINICS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, COMMUNITY CLINICS, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, DEATHS, DELIVERY CARE, DELIVERY SYSTEM, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, DIET, DISPENSARIES, DOCTORS, ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, EMPLOYMENT, EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS, FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES, FAMILY WELFARE, FEE-FOR-SERVICE, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FERTILITY RATES, FINANCIAL PROTECTION, FINANCING POLICIES, GENDER, GENDER EQUITY, GLOBAL HEALTH, GOVERNMENT CAPACITY, GOVERNMENT HEALTH WORKERS, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE ACCESS, HEALTH CARE FINANCING, HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, HEALTH CARE REFORM, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, HEALTH COVERAGE, HEALTH ECONOMICS, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH NEEDS, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH POPULATION, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICE, HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY, HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPECIALIST, HEALTH SPENDING, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTH WORKERS, HEALTH WORKFORCE, HEALTH-FINANCING, HEALTH-FINANCING SYSTEMS, HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOR, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL BEDS, HOSPITALIZATION, HOSPITALS, HUMAN RESOURCES, HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, ILLNESS, INCOME, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME HOUSEHOLDS, INEQUITIES, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATES, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFORMAL SECTOR, INJURIES, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSURANCE, INSURANCE COVERAGE, INSURANCE MARKET, INSURERS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVEL OF HEALTH SPENDING, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, LIVE BIRTHS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRY, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICAL FACILITIES, MEDICAL PERSONNEL, MEDICINE, MEDICINES, MIDWIFE, MIDWIFERY, MIDWIVES, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORTALITY, NATIONAL HEALTH, NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY, NATIONAL STRATEGY, NATIONALS, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, NURSES, NUTRITION, PHARMACIES, PHYSICIANS, POCKET PAYMENTS, POLICY DECISIONS, POLITICAL SUPPORT, POLLUTION, POOR HEALTH, POPULATION DIVISION, POPULATION RESEARCH, POPULATION SECTOR, POSTPARTUM CARE, PREPAYMENT MECHANISMS, PRIMARY CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH FACILITIES, PRIVATE HOSPITALS, PRIVATE INSURANCE, PRIVATE SECTOR, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH CARE, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SPENDING, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESPECT, RISING DEMAND, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SERVICE QUALITY, SHELTER, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL SCIENCE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TUBERCULOSIS, UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY, URBAN AREAS, URBAN HEALTH CARE, USER FEES, WASTE, WOMAN, WORKERS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, WORLD POPULATION