Cities

Duranton, Gilles

Cities

Autores

Duranton, Gilles

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

This paper reviews the evidence about the effects of urbanization and cities on productivity and economic growth in developing countries using a consistent theoretical framework. Just like in developed economies, there is strong evidence that cities in developing countries bolster productive efficiency. Regarding whether cities promote self-sustained growth, the evidence is suggestive but ultimately inconclusive. These findings imply that the traditional agenda of aiming to raise within-city efficiency should be continued. Furthermore, reducing the obstacles to the reallocation of factors across cities is also desirable.

Palabras clave

ACCESS TO MARKETS, AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES, AGRICULTURAL PRICES, AIR, ALLOCATION, BARRIOS, BIG CITIES, CAPITAL, CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS, CITIES, CITY DEVELOPMENT, CITY GOVERNMENTS, CITY POPULATION, CITY RESIDENTS, CITY SIZE, CLEANLINESS, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITION, CONGESTION EXTERNALITIES, CONSUMPTION, COST, COST OF LIVING, COSTS, COUNTRYSIDE, DEMAND, DESCRIPTION, DESIGN, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, EFFICIENCY, ELASTICITIES, ELASTICITY, EQUALITY, EXPENDITURE, EXTERNALITIES, EXTERNALITY, FACILITIES, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION, FEMALE, GASOLINE, GDP, GOVERNANCE, HIGH TRANSPORT, HIGH-SPEED TRAIN, HOUSEHOLD, HOUSING, HOUSING MARKET, HOUSING MARKETS, HOUSING SUPPLY, HUMAN CAPITAL, ILLEGAL SETTLEMENTS, INCUMBENT, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INHABITANTS, INITIATIVES, INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, LABOR, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MOBILITY, LAND, LAND OWNERSHIP, LARGE CITIES, LIVING CONDITIONS, MARKET, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET FAILURE, MARKET FAILURES, MARKET POTENTIAL, MARKET POWER, MEGACITIES, MOBILITY OF LABOR, OPPORTUNITY COST, OPTIMUM, OVERCROWDING, PARTICIPATION, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL POWER, POPULATION GROWTH, POVERTY, PRICE, PRICE INDEX, PRODUCT, PRODUCT MARKET, PRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, RENT, RESOURCES, RETAIL, ROAD, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROADS, RURAL AREAS, SALES, SAVINGS, SECONDARY CITIES, SERVICES, SETTLEMENT, SEWERAGE, SLUM, SLUM DWELLERS, SLUMS, SOCIAL SURPLUS, SOCIAL UNREST, SPECIALIZATION, SQUATTER, SQUATTER SETTLEMENT, SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS, SQUATTERS, STATE, STOCK, SUBSIDIZED HOUSING, SUBSTITUTES, SUPPLIERS, SUPPLY, SUPPLY CURVE, SUPPLY CURVES, SUPPLY FUNCTION, TAX, TOWNS, TRADE POLICY, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT NETWORK, TRUE, URBAN AGGLOMERATION, URBAN CONGESTION, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN DWELLERS, URBAN ECONOMIES, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN ISSUES, URBAN LABOR FORCE, URBAN LAND, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN POLICIES, URBAN POLICY, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN SECTOR, URBAN STRUCTURE, URBANIZATION, VALUE, ZONING