The Poverty Impact of Rural Roads : Evidence from Bangladesh
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The rationale for public investment in rural roads is that households can better exploit agricultural and nonagricultural opportunities to use labor and capital more efficiently. But significant knowledge gaps remain as to how opportunities provided by roads actually filter back into household outcomes and their distributional consequences. This paper examines the impacts of rural road projects using household-level panel data from Bangladesh. Rural road investments are found to reduce poverty significantly through higher agricultural production, higher wages, lower input and transportation costs, and higher output prices. Rural roads also lead to higher girls' and boys' schooling. Road investments are pro-poor, meaning the gains are proportionately higher for the poor than for the non-poor.
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ACCESS TO MARKETS, ACCIDENT RISK, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL WAGE, AGRICULTURAL WAGES, AGRICULTURE, BASE YEAR, BENCHMARK, BETTER ROADS, BETTER TRANSPORT, BRIDGES, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS, CROP PRODUCTION, CULVERTS, DEMAND FOR TRANSPORT, DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS, DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS, DIVERSIFICATION, DRAINAGE, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, ELASTICITIES, ELASTICITY, EMPLOYMENT, EQUITY VALUE, EXPECTED VALUES, EXTERNALITIES, EXTREME POVERTY, EXTREME POVERTY LINE, FARM EMPLOYMENT, FARM EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, FARM PRODUCTION, FARMERS, FOOD EXPENDITURE, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD TRANSPORT, HOUSEHOLD TRANSPORT COSTS, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME LEVELS, INVESTMENT IN ROADS, JETTIES, LAND PRICES, NUTRITION, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PER CAPITA INCOME, POVERTY IMPACT, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY STATUS, PRODUCTION INPUTS, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, REMOTE RURAL AREAS, REMOTE VILLAGES, ROAD, ROAD CONDITIONS, ROAD DEVELOPMENT, ROAD EVALUATION, ROAD IMPROVEMENT, ROAD IMPROVEMENTS, ROAD INVESTMENT, ROAD PROJECTS, ROAD USERS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL ENTERPRISES, RURAL GROWTH, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INCOME, RURAL ROAD, RURAL ROAD IMPROVEMENTS, RURAL ROAD INVESTMENT, RURAL ROAD INVESTMENTS, RURAL ROAD PROJECT, RURAL ROAD PROJECTS, RURAL ROADS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOLING, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, TRAFFIC, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT COST, TRANSPORT COST SAVINGS, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT DEMAND, TRANSPORT EXPENDITURE, TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS, TRANSPORT QUALITY, TRANSPORT SURVEYS, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION COST, TRANSPORTATION COST SAVINGS, TRANSPORTATION COSTS, TRAVEL TIMES, TRIP, TRIP FREQUENCY, TRUE, UNPAVED ROAD, VILLAGE LEVEL