Indonesia's PNPM Generasi Program : Final Impact Evaluation Report
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World Bank, Jakarta
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Indonesia has made remarkable strides in
key human development indicators over the past few decades.
Primary school enrollment is close to universal for both
boys and girls, and the child mortality rate has declined
rapidly. Furthermore, achievements in these indicators
reveal large geographical disparities, with poorer outcomes
in rural and remote provinces and districts. Improving
access to basic quality health and education services is a
key component of an overall poverty reduction strategy for
Indonesia. The project builds on the Indonesian
government's existing community-driven development
program, known as the National Community Empowerment Program
in rural areas (PNPM) or formerly, the Kecamatan Development
Program (KDP). This document describes the findings from the
three-wave evaluation series carried out from 2007 to 2010.
The baseline survey took place from June 2007 to August
2007. The second wave was conducted from October 2008 to
January 2009, after 15 to 18 months of Generasi
implementation. The third and final evaluation survey was
implemented from October 2009 to January 2010 after 27 to 30
months of project implementation.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL, AGED, ANTENATAL CARE, ARCHITECTURE, ATTENDANCE RATE, BASELINE INDICATORS, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, BENEFICIARIES, BREASTFEEDING, CENTER FOR POPULATION, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD HEALTH SERVICES, CHILD LABOR, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATE, CHILDBIRTH, CLASSROOM, CLASSROOMS, CLEANLINESS, COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, CONTROL GROUPS, DEMAND FOR SERVICES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISTRICTS, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION ACTIVITIES, EDUCATION FACILITIES, EDUCATION FOR ALL, EDUCATION OF CHILDREN, EDUCATION OFFICES, EDUCATION OUTCOMES, EDUCATION PROVIDERS, EDUCATION SERVICES, EDUCATION TARGETS, EDUCATIONAL SERVICES, EFFECTIVE POLICIES, ENROLLMENT OF CHILDREN, EVALUATION RESULTS, EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN, FAMILY PLANNING, FEMALE, FERTILITY, FIELD SURVEYS, FLEXIBILITY, FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS, FORMAL EDUCATION, GRADE REPETITION, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE, HEALTH BEHAVIOR, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH TARGETS, HEALTH WORKERS, HOME AFFAIRS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILLNESSES, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNIZATIONS, IMPACT EVALUATION, IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALTH, INCENTIVES FOR TEACHERS, INCOME, INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDS, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFORMATION SYSTEM, IRON, JUNIOR SECONDARY, JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLING, JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS, KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS, LEARNING, LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT, LEARNING OUTCOMES, LEGAL STATUS, LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE, MARRIED WOMEN, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MIDDLE SCHOOL, MIDWIFE, MIDWIFES, MIDWIVES, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MOTHER, NEONATAL MORTALITY, NON-FORMAL EDUCATION, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF STUDENTS, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL INTAKE, OUTPATIENT CARE, PATIENTS, PILL, PILOT PROJECTS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POSTNATAL CARE, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRA, PREGNANCY, PREGNANT MOTHERS, PREGNANT WOMEN, PRENATAL CARE, PRIMARY ENROLLMENT, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PROGRAM EVALUATION, PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION, PROGRAMS, PROGRESS, PROJECT MANAGEMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC POLICY, READING, READING SKILLS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SAMPLE SIZE, SANITATION, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL BUILDINGS, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, SCHOOL FACILITIES, SCHOOL FEES, SCHOOL MATERIALS, SCHOOL OFFICIALS, SCHOOL PARTICIPATION, SCHOOL SUPPLIES, SCHOOL SUPPORT, SCHOOL UNIFORMS, SCHOOL-AGE, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOLING, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDER, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE PROVISION, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL WELFARE, SPOUSE, TARGETING, TEACHER, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRANSPORTATION, TREATMENT EFFECTS, UNIVERSAL COVERAGE, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POVERTY, VILLAGE CHARACTERISTICS, VILLAGE MEETINGS, VILLAGES, VITAMIN A, WORKERS, YOUNG CHILDREN