Green Growth Opportunities for Bhutan

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Washington, DC

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Bhutan has recently made significant progress in sustaining economic growth and reducing poverty. In 2012, average per capita household income was somewhat under USD 2,400/year (Living Standards Measurement Surveys 2012). Growth has averaged around 9 percent per annum over the past decade and is expected to be on the order of 8 percent per annum over the next five years. According to the 2012 Bhutan Poverty Analysis, 12 percent of the population are what is known as consumption poor , half the number as compared to 2007. Furthermore, extreme poverty defined as less than $1.25/day in PPP terms has fallen to only 2 percent of the total population. Bhutan has virtually eliminated extreme poverty within the living memory of one generation. Bhutan s population remains rural to a significant extent. According to a 2005 population census, 69 percent of the population lived in rural areas. And there remain significant income differences between urban and rural areas; average per capita household income in rural areas is estimated to be 28,000 Nu against 80,000 Nu in urban areas. There is, though, significant ongoing migration to population centers in search of increased opportunities. The 2005 urban population share of 31 percent of total population represents a substantial increase from only 5 percent in 1995.

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ACCESS TO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, ACCESSIBILITY, ACTION PLAN, AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGROCHEMICALS, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT, AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, AIR TRANSPORT, ALUMINUM, ATMOSPHERE, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BAMBOO, BENEFIT SHARING, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION, BIOGAS, BUS, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CARBON, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON NEUTRAL, CARBON NEUTRALITY, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CARBON STORAGE, CATCHMENT AREA, CHEMICALS, CHICKEN, CLEAN AIR, CLEAN ENERGY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CO2, COAL, COLORS, COMBUSTION, COMMON PROPERTY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPOSTING, COPPER, CROP RESIDUES, DEBT, DECISION MAKING, DEFORESTATION, DESERTIFICATION, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DIESEL, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION, DRINKING WATER, DRINKING WATER QUALITY, DRIVING, DROUGHT, DRY SEASON, DUST, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GOODS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS, ECONOMIC RENTS, ECONOMIC VALUE, ECONOMICS, ECONOMISTS, ECOSYSTEM, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, ELEPHANT, EMISSION, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENFORCEMENT OF REGULATIONS, ENTITLEMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, EXPENDITURES, EXPLOITATION, FARMS, FATS, FERTILIZERS, FISH, FISHERIES, FLOODS, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOREST, FOREST AREA, FOREST CARBON, FOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATION, FOREST COVER, FOREST DEGRADATION, FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, FOREST FIRE, FOREST FIRES, FOREST INVENTORIES, FOREST LANDS, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST POLICY, FOREST PRODUCTIVITY, FOREST PRODUCTS, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST TYPE, FOREST TYPES, FORESTRY, FORESTRY SECTOR, FORESTS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FUEL, FUEL QUALITY, GASES, GHG, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GROSS EARNINGS, HAZARDOUS WASTE, HIGH TRANSPORTATION, HOUSEHOLD FUELS, HYDROLOGY, INCINERATION, INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS, INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADING, INFRASTRUCTURES, INSPECTION, LABOR FORCE, LAKE, LAKES, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND USE, LANDFILL, LANDFILLS, LIVESTOCK, LOGGING, MANGANESE, MARKET PRICES, METALS, METHANE, MIGRATION, MINES, MOTOR VEHICLES, NATIONAL ACCOUNTING, NATIONAL FOREST POLICY, NATIONAL INCOME, NATIONAL PARK, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL FORESTS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, NITRATES, NITROGEN, NUTRIENTS, OIL, OILS, OPEN BURNING, PARTICLES, PARTICULATE, PASTURES, PESTICIDES, PET, PLANT, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION, POLLUTION DAMAGES, POLLUTION PROBLEMS, POPULATION CENSUS, POPULATION DENSITIES, POPULATION DENSITY, PP, PRECIPITATION, PRESENT VALUE, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROPERTY TAXES, PUBLIC GOOD, PUBLIC TRANSIT, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, QUALITY ASSESSMENT, QUALITY STANDARDS, RAIN, RAINFALL, RAPID TRANSIT, REBATES, RECYCLABLE MATERIALS, RECYCLING, RESERVE FORESTS, RESERVES, RESOURCE USE, RIVER BASINS, ROAD, ROAD CONSTRUCTION, ROAD SAFETY, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROADS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, SEASONAL VARIABILITY, SILICON, SINK, SMALL HYDROPOWER, SMOKE, SOIL DEGRADATION, STREAM FLOW, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE FOREST, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE, SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE USE, SUSTAINABLE USE, TAX, TEMPERATURE, TIMBER, TIRES, TOTAL EMISSIONS, TOURISM, TRADEOFFS, TRAFFIC, TRANSIT, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT AUTHORITY, TRANSPORT SERVICES, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION COSTS, TRUE, UNEMPLOYMENT, VEHICLE, VEHICLE OWNERSHIP, VEHICLES, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER POLLUTION, WATERSHED, WEALTH, WILDLIFE, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, WIND

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