A Review of Solar Energy : Markets, Economics and Policies

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dc.creatorTimilsina, Govinda R.
dc.creatorKurdgelashvili, Lado
dc.creatorNarbel, Patrick A.
dc.date2012-03-19T18:05:32Z
dc.date2012-03-19T18:05:32Z
dc.date2011-10-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:02:42Z
dc.descriptionSolar energy has experienced phenomenal growth in recent years due to both technological improvements resulting in cost reductions and government policies supportive of renewable energy development and utilization. This study analyzes the technical, economic and policy aspects of solar energy development and deployment. While the cost of solar energy has declined rapidly in the recent past, it still remains much higher than the cost of conventional energy technologies. Like other renewable energy technologies, solar energy benefits from fiscal and regulatory incentives and mandates, including tax credits and exemptions, feed-in-tariff, preferential interest rates, renewable portfolio standards and voluntary green power programs in many countries. Potential expansion of carbon credit markets also would provide additional incentives to solar energy deployment; however, the scale of incentives provided by the existing carbon market instruments, such as the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, is limited. Despite the huge technical potential, development and large-scale, market-driven deployment of solar energy technologies world-wide still has to overcome a number of technical and financial barriers. Unless these barriers are overcome, maintaining and increasing electricity supplies from solar energy will require continuation of potentially costly policy supports.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20111017113749
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3612
dc.identifier10.1596/1813-9450-5845
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/414622
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPaper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5845
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectAMORPHOUS SILICON
dc.subjectAPPROACH
dc.subjectAVAILABILITY
dc.subjectBALANCE
dc.subjectBATTERIES
dc.subjectBIOGAS
dc.subjectBIOMASS
dc.subjectBUILDING MATERIALS
dc.subjectCADMIUM
dc.subjectCAPACITY FACTOR
dc.subjectCAPACITY FACTORS
dc.subjectCAPACITY OF HEAT
dc.subjectCAPACITY UTILIZATION
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON CAPTURE
dc.subjectCARBON CREDITS
dc.subjectCARBON FINANCE
dc.subjectCARBON INTENSITY
dc.subjectCARBON MARKET
dc.subjectCARBON TAX
dc.subjectCLEAN ENERGY
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCOGENERATION
dc.subjectCONSTRUCTION COST
dc.subjectCONVENTIONAL ENERGY
dc.subjectCONVENTIONAL FUELS
dc.subjectCOOLING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectCOPPER
dc.subjectCOST OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectCOSTS OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectCOSTS OF EMISSIONS
dc.subjectDESERTS
dc.subjectDIESEL
dc.subjectDIFFUSION
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subjectELECTRIC GENERATION
dc.subjectELECTRIC POWER
dc.subjectELECTRIC UTILITIES
dc.subjectELECTRIC UTILITY
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectELECTRICITY DEMAND
dc.subjectELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subjectELECTRICITY GENERATION CAPACITY
dc.subjectELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
dc.subjectELECTRICITY SALES
dc.subjectELECTRICITY SUPPLY
dc.subjectELECTRICITY UTILITIES
dc.subjectELECTRIFICATION
dc.subjectEMISSION
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectENERGY ECONOMICS
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subjectENERGY INDUSTRY
dc.subjectENERGY MARKETS
dc.subjectENERGY MIX
dc.subjectENERGY OUTLOOK
dc.subjectENERGY POLICIES
dc.subjectENERGY POLICY
dc.subjectENERGY RESOURCES
dc.subjectENERGY SOURCES
dc.subjectENERGY SYSTEMS
dc.subjectENERGY TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subjectEXCESS ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectFOSSIL
dc.subjectFOSSIL ENERGY
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL PRICES
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUELS
dc.subjectFUEL CELLS
dc.subjectFUEL COST
dc.subjectFUEL COSTS
dc.subjectFUEL PRICE
dc.subjectGAS TURBINE
dc.subjectGENERATING CAPACITY
dc.subjectGHG
dc.subjectGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectGLOBAL ENERGY DEMAND
dc.subjectGLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subjectGLOBAL WARMING
dc.subjectGREEN POWER
dc.subjectGREEN POWER PROGRAMS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION
dc.subjectGRID APPLICATIONS
dc.subjectGRID POWER
dc.subjectGRID SYSTEMS
dc.subjectHEAT
dc.subjectHEAT TRANSFER
dc.subjectHEATING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectHOT WATER
dc.subjectHYDROGEN
dc.subjectHYDROPOWER
dc.subjectIPCC
dc.subjectKILOWATT-HOUR
dc.subjectKILOWATT-HOUR OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectLANDFILL
dc.subjectLANDFILL GAS
dc.subjectLOW-CARBON
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS PRICE
dc.subjectNUCLEAR PLANTS
dc.subjectNUCLEAR POWER
dc.subjectNUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOIL EQUIVALENT
dc.subjectOIL PRICES
dc.subjectPEAK GENERATION
dc.subjectPEAK LOADS
dc.subjectPHOTOVOLTAIC MARKETS
dc.subjectPOWER GENERATION
dc.subjectPOWER GENERATION CAPACITY
dc.subjectPOWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectPOWER GRID
dc.subjectPOWER INDUSTRY
dc.subjectPOWER PLANT
dc.subjectPOWER PLANTS
dc.subjectPOWER PRODUCTION
dc.subjectPOWER PROJECT
dc.subjectPOWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectPOWER SECTOR
dc.subjectPOWER SUPPLY
dc.subjectPOWER SYSTEM
dc.subjectPOWER SYSTEMS
dc.subjectPRIMARY ENERGY
dc.subjectPRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectPRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND
dc.subjectPRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subjectPRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectPUBLIC UTILITIES
dc.subjectRAW MATERIALS
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY FACILITIES
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATORS
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY PORTFOLIO STANDARDS
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectRENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS
dc.subjectRENEWABLE RESOURCE
dc.subjectRENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
dc.subjectRESIDUAL FUEL
dc.subjectRESIDUAL FUEL OIL
dc.subjectRURAL ELECTRIFICATION
dc.subjectRURAL ENERGY
dc.subjectSOLAR CELL
dc.subjectSOLAR COLLECTORS
dc.subjectSOLAR ENERGY
dc.subjectSOLAR ENERGY MARKET
dc.subjectSOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL
dc.subjectSOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS
dc.subjectSOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectSOLAR HOME SYSTEMS
dc.subjectSOLAR INSTALLATION
dc.subjectSOLAR IRRADIANCE
dc.subjectSOLAR POWER
dc.subjectSOLAR RADIATION
dc.subjectSOLAR RESOURCES
dc.subjectSOLAR SYSTEMS
dc.subjectSOLAR TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectSOLAR THERMAL
dc.subjectSOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS
dc.subjectSOLAR THERMAL ELECTRIC
dc.subjectSOLAR THERMAL ENERGY
dc.subjectSOLAR THERMAL MARKET
dc.subjectSOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectSOLAR WATER HEATERS
dc.subjectSOLAR WATER HEATING
dc.subjectSTEAM COAL
dc.subjectSUNLIGHT
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectTAX CREDIT
dc.subjectTAX CREDITS
dc.subjectTAX EXEMPTION
dc.subjectTAX EXEMPTIONS
dc.subjectTAX INCENTIVES
dc.subjectTAX REBATE
dc.subjectTHERMAL CAPACITY
dc.subjectTHERMAL LOSSES
dc.subjectTHERMAL PLANT
dc.subjectTHERMAL POWER
dc.subjectTHERMAL POWER PLANTS
dc.subjectTHERMAL TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectUNEP
dc.subjectURANIUM
dc.subjectUTILITIES
dc.subjectUTILITY GRID
dc.subjectVOLTAGE
dc.subjectWATER HEATING
dc.subjectWATER HEATING SYSTEM
dc.subjectWIND
dc.subjectWIND POWER
dc.subjectZINC
dc.titleA Review of Solar Energy : Markets, Economics and Policies

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