FYR Macedonia Green Growth Country Assessment
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Washington, DC
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This green growth country assessment for
Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) Macedonia aims to define the
outlines of a green growth path and the initial steps along
that path. According to the World Bank's recent
flagship report, green growth is 'growth that is
efficient in its use of natural resources, clean in that it
minimizes pollution and environmental impacts, and resilient
in that it accounts for natural hazards and the role of
environmental management and natural capital in preventing
physical disasters.' While most countries might agree
that such growth is a worthy goal, determining what a green
growth path might mean for a particular country is a
significant challenge. Green growth can be defined more
precisely, as economic growth with more sustainable use of
natural resources (minerals, water and clean air, and
biodiversity), with proper consideration of mitigation of
greenhouse gas emissions; with attention to adaptation to a
changing climate; and with more focus on innovation and
green jobs to enhance benefits flowing from the
technological innovation and new industries spurred by a
shift to green growth. This report takes a practical
approach to identifying specific challenges and
opportunities FYR Macedonia faces in building its green
growth future and to present them in a form useful for
decision makers. The report will address mitigation,
adaptation, and the most immediately challenging resource
sustainability issue, clean air. This report summarizes
analytic work undertaken in sectors and on issues selected
as critical for defining and understanding the green growth
path of the country, with an emphasis on climate action.
Chapters of the report start with an overview of the
relevant challenges to green growth of climate adaptation
and mitigation, and then set out the methodology applied the
findings that emerged, and consequent recommendations. The
nine sectors and issues that constitute the components of
the green growth country assessment are represented in the
opening graphic in this summary.
Palabras clave
ABATEMENT COSTS, ABATEMENT POTENTIAL, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AIR, AIR POLLUTANTS, AIR POLLUTION, AIR POLLUTION REDUCTION, AIR QUALITY, AIR QUALITY REGULATIONS, AIRPORTS, APPROACH, ATMOSPHERE, AVAILABILITY, BALANCE, BIOGAS, BIOMASS, CAPACITY FACTOR, CAR, CAR OWNERSHIP, CAR USE, CARBON, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON SINK, CARS, CLEAN AIR, CLEANER AIR, CLEANER ENERGY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE DAMAGES, CLIMATE SCENARIOS, CO, CO2, COLORS, CONGESTION, CONVERGENCE, COST OF ABATEMENT, COST-BENEFIT, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS, CROP INSURANCE, DAMAGES, DEMAND FOR ENERGY, DISCOUNT RATE, DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, DRIVERS, DRIVING, DRIVING TIME, DUST, ECONOMIC COSTS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPACTS, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY DEMAND, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY PRICES, ELECTRICITY SYSTEM, EMISSION, EMISSION GROWTH, EMISSION LEVELS, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS FROM FUEL, EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION, EMISSIONS GROWTH, EMISSIONS INTENSITY, EMPLOYMENT, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY DEMAND MODEL, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES, ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMS, ENERGY INTENSITY, ENERGY MIX, ENERGY PRICING, ENERGY SUPPLY, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, EXTREME WEATHER, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, FERROUS METALS, FINANCIAL LOSSES, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FLOODS, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FREIGHT, FUEL, FUEL COSTS, FUEL EFFICIENT VEHICLES, FUEL PRICE, FUEL SWITCHING, FUEL-EFFICIENT VEHICLES, GAS IMPORTS, GAS SECTOR, GAS SUPPLY, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL, GENERATION CAPACITY, GHG, GHGS, GLOBAL WARMING, GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS MITIGATION, GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION, GREENHOUSE GASES, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEAT, HEAT PRODUCTION, HIGH ENERGY, HIGH ENERGY INTENSITY, HYDROPOWER, HYDROPOWER GENERATION, IMPORTS, INCOME, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, JOBS, LAND TRANSPORT, LAND USE, LANDFILLS, LIGNITE PRODUCTION, LOCAL AIR POLLUTION, LOCAL ROADS, LOWER COSTS, MARGINAL ABATEMENT, MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST, METEOROLOGICAL DATA, METHANE, MOBILITY, MODE OF TRANSPORT, MOTOR VEHICLE, NATIONAL INCOME, NATURAL GAS, NEGATIVE IMPACT, NET COST, NITROGEN, NITROGEN OXIDES, NOX, NUCLEAR POWER, O&M, OIL, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PASSENGER RAIL, PASSENGER RAIL SERVICE, PASSENGER VEHICLE, PEAK DEMAND, PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER, PM10, POLICY SCENARIOS, POLLUTION LEVEL, POLLUTION REDUCTION, POPULATION DENSITY, POWER GENERATION, POWER GENERATION MIX, POWER PLANTS, POWER SECTOR, POWER SECTORS, POWER SUPPLY, PRECIPITATION, PRESENT VALUE, PRIMARY ENERGY, PRIVATE CAR OWNERSHIP, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, QUALITY OF WATER, QUALITY OF WATER SUPPLY, RAIL, RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE, RAIL INVESTMENT, RAILWAY, RAILWAY SECTOR, RAILWAYS, RAINFALL, REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS, REDUCTION IN FUEL USE, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RETROFITTING, ROAD, ROAD SAFETY, ROAD SECTOR, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROAD TRAVEL DEMAND, ROADS, SANITATION, SCENARIOS, SCRUBBERS, SEVERE WEATHER, SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS, SF6, STREET LIGHTING, SUPPLY SIDE, TAX, TEMPERATURE, TOLL, TONS OF CARBON, TOTAL EMISSIONS, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, TRAINS, TRANSMISSION LINES, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT ACTIVITY, TRANSPORT DEMAND, TRANSPORT EMISSIONS, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT MODES, TRANSPORT POLICIES, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONS, TRANSPORT SERVICES, URBAN SPRAWL, URBAN TRAFFIC, URBAN TRANSIT, URBAN TRANSPORT, UTILITIES, VEHICLE FLEET, VEHICLE FUEL, VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCY, VEHICLE MODEL, VEHICLE SURVEY, VEHICLES, VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WATER ANALYSIS, WATER POLLUTION, WEATHER PATTERNS, WIND