Quantitative trait loci for phenology, yield, and phosphorus use efficiency in cowpea

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dc.creatorMohammed, S.B.
dc.creatorOngom, P.O.
dc.creatorBelko, N.
dc.creatorUmar, M.L.
dc.creatorMunoz-Amatriain, M.
dc.creatorHuynh, B.
dc.creatorTogola, A.
dc.creatorIshiyaku, M.F.
dc.creatorBoukar, O.
dc.date2025
dc.date2025-03-24T08:43:26Z
dc.date2025-03-24T08:43:26Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T15:51:44Z
dc.descriptionBackground/Objectives: Cowpea is an important legume crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and beyond. However, access to phosphorus (P), a critical element for plant growth and development, is a significant constraint in SSA. Thus, it is essential to have high P-use efficiency varieties to achieve increased yields in environments where little-to- no phosphate fertilizers are applied. Methods: In this study, crop phenology, yield, and grain P efficiency traits were assessed in two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations across ten environments under high- and low-P soil conditions to identify traits’ response to different soil P levels and associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Single-environment (SEA) and multi-environment (MEA) QTL analyses were conducted for days to flowering (DTF), days to maturity (DTM), biomass yield (BYLD), grain yield (GYLD), grain P-use efficiency (gPUE) and grain P-uptake efficiency (gPUpE). Results: Phenotypic data indicated significant variation among the RILs, and inadequate soil P had a negative impact on flowering, maturity, and yield traits. A total of 40 QTLs were identified by SEA, with most explaining greater than 10% of the phenotypic variance, indicating that many major-effect QTLs contributed to the genetic component of these traits. Similarly, MEA identified 23 QTLs associated with DTF, DTM, GYLD, and gPUpE under high- and low-P environments. Thirty percent (12/40) of the QTLs identified by SEA were also found by MEA, and some of those were identified in more than one P environment, highlighting their potential in breeding programs targeting PUE. QTLs on chromosomes Vu03 and Vu08 exhibited consistent effects under both high- and low-P conditions. In addition, candidate genes underlying the QTL regions were identified. Conclusions: This study lays the foundation for molecular breeding for PUE and contributes to understanding the genetic basis of cowpea response in different soil P conditions. Some of the identified genomic loci, many being novel QTLs, could be deployed in marker-aided selection and fine mapping of candidate genes.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/173813
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/115670
dc.languageen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceMohammed, S.B., Ongom, P.O., Belko, N., Umar, M.L., Muñoz-Amatriaín, M., Huynh, B.L., ... & Boukar, O. (2025). Quantitative trait loci for phenology, yield, and phosphorus use efficiency in cowpea. Genes, 16(1): 64, 1-33.
dc.subjectcowpeas
dc.subjectsoil
dc.subjectyields
dc.subjectquantitative trait loci
dc.subjectsoil fertility
dc.subjectfood security
dc.subjectgrain legumes
dc.titleQuantitative trait loci for phenology, yield, and phosphorus use efficiency in cowpea
dc.typeJournal Article

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Instituto Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (IITA)