Six-rowed spike4 (Vrs4) controls spikelet determinacy and row-type in barley

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dc.creatorKoppolu, Ravi
dc.creatorAnwar, Nadia
dc.creatorSakuma, Shun
dc.creatorTagiri, Akemi
dc.creatorLundqvist, Udda
dc.creatorPourkheirandish, Mohammad
dc.creatorRutten, Twan
dc.creatorSeiler, Christiane
dc.creatorHimmelbach, Axel
dc.creatorAriyadasa, Ruvini
dc.creatorYoussef, Helmy Mohamad
dc.creatorStein, Nils
dc.creatorSreenivasulu, Nese
dc.creatorKomatsuda, Takao
dc.creatorSchnurbusch, Thorsten
dc.date2013-08-06
dc.date2024-12-19T12:55:16Z
dc.date2024-12-19T12:55:16Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T04:15:13Z
dc.descriptionInflorescence architecture of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) is common among the Triticeae species, which bear one to three single-flowered spikelets at each rachis internode. Triple spikelet meristem is one of the unique features of barley spikes, in which three spikelets (one central and two lateral spikelets) are produced at each rachis internode. Fertility of the lateral spikelets at triple spikelet meristem gives row-type identity to barley spikes. Six-rowed spikes show fertile lateral spikelets and produce increased grain yield per spike, compared with two-rowed spikes with sterile lateral spikelets. Thus, far, two loci governing the row-type phenotype were isolated in barley that include Six-rowed spike1 ( Vrs1 ) and Intermedium-C . In the present study, we isolated Six-rowed spike4 ( Vrs4 ), a barley ortholog of the maize ( Zea mays L.) inflorescence architecture gene RAMOSA2 ( RA2 ). Eighteen coding mutations in barley RA2 ( HvRA2 ) were specifically associated with lateral spikelet fertility and loss of spikelet determinacy. Expression analyses through mRNA in situ hybridization and microarray showed that Vrs4 ( HvRA2 ) controls the row-type pathway through Vrs1 ( HvHox1 ), a negative regulator of lateral spikelet fertility in barley. Moreover, Vrs4 may also regulate transcripts of barley SISTER OF RAMOSA3 ( HvSRA ), a putative trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase involved in trehalose-6-phosphate homeostasis implicated to control spikelet determinacy. Our expression data illustrated that, although RA2 is conserved among different grass species, its down-stream target genes appear to be modified in barley and possibly other species of tribe Triticeae.
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/165623
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/26656
dc.languageen
dc.publisherNational Academy of Sciences
dc.sourceKoppolu, R., Anwar, N., Sakuma, S., Tagiri, A., Lundqvist, U., Pourkheirandish, M., Rutten, T., Seiler, C., Himmelbach, A., Ariyadasa, R., Youssef, H.M., Stein, N., Sreenivasulu, N., Komatsuda, T. and Schnurbusch, T. 2013. Six-rowed spike4 (Vrs4) controls spikelet determinacy and row-type in barley. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., Volume 110 no. 32 p. 13198-13203
dc.subjectbarley
dc.subjectenzymes
dc.subjectgenes
dc.subjectin situ hybridization
dc.subjectinflorescences
dc.subjectinternodes
dc.subjectloci
dc.subjectmaize
dc.subjectmessenger rna
dc.subjectmutants
dc.subjectmutations
dc.subjectphenotypes
dc.subjectspikelets
dc.titleSix-rowed spike4 (Vrs4) controls spikelet determinacy and row-type in barley
dc.typeJournal Article

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Instituto Internacional de Investigación del Arroz (IRRI)