Rice establishment methods in Myanmar: Trends, perceptions, and constraints

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dc.creatorGoeb, Joseph
dc.creatorMinten, Bart
dc.creatorSynt, Nang Lun Kham
dc.creatorAung, Zin Wai
dc.date2026-06-23
dc.date2026-06-23T20:22:11Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T14:57:30Z
dc.descriptionKey Findings: Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is widely adopted in Myanmar rice production, used by around 50 percent of farmers during the monsoon season and about 75 percent during the dry season, accounting for the majority of cultivated rice area. Rice establishment methods remained relatively stable from 2023–2025 despite political instability, market disruptions, labor shortages, and price volatility. DSR adoption is higher among larger farms and non-irrigated farms, indicating that labor and water constraints strongly influence establishment choices. Broadcasting is the dominant DSR method, particularly dry broadcasting, while row planting remains uncommon. Most farmers believe puddled-transplanted rice (PTR) produces higher yields than DSR, with an average perceived yield advantage of about 11 baskets per acre. Farmers overwhelmingly perceive PTR as more labor-intensive, while differences in fertilizer and pesticide use are viewed as relatively small or mixed. Labor shortages and water constraints are the primary reasons for adopting DSR, not perceptions of lower profitability or lower yields under PTR. Recommended Actions: Strengthen investments in irrigation and water management systems to reduce water-related constraints and enable farmers to choose establishment methods based on productivity rather than necessity. Address rural labor shortages through mechanization support, labor-saving technologies, and improved access to agricultural services. Develop and disseminate best management practices for DSR, particularly for weed control, seed establishment, and water management to improve productivity and profitability. Conduct rigorous research on the economic returns of DSR and PTR across different agro-ecological zones, farm sizes, and irrigation conditions.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/183444
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/90477
dc.languageen
dc.publisherInternational Food Policy Research Institute
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceGoeb, Joseph; Minten, Bart; Synt, Nang Lun Kham; and Aung, Zin Wai. 2026. Rice establishment methods in Myanmar: Trends, perceptions, and constraints. Myanmar SSP Research Note 131. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/183444
dc.subjectrice
dc.subjectdirect sowing
dc.subjectplant establishment
dc.subjectirrigation
dc.subjectwater management
dc.subjectrural employment
dc.titleRice establishment methods in Myanmar: Trends, perceptions, and constraints
dc.typeBrief

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Instituto Internacional de Investigación sobre Políticas Alimentarias (IFPRI)