Safe and just Earth system boundaries

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dc.creatorRockström, Johan
dc.creatorSakschewski, Boris
dc.creatorGupta, Joyeeta
dc.creatorScholtens, Joeri
dc.creatorStewart-Koster, Ben
dc.creatorTharammal, Thejna
dc.creatorVuuren, Detlef P. van
dc.creatorVerburg, Peter H.
dc.creatorWinkelmann, Ricarda
dc.creatorZimm, Caroline
dc.creatorBennett, Elena M.
dc.creatorBringezu, Stefan
dc.creatorBroadgate, Wendy
dc.creatorGreen, Pamela A.
dc.creatorHuang, Lei
dc.creatorJacobson, Lisa
dc.creatorNdehedehe, Christopher
dc.creatorPedde, Simona
dc.creatorRocha, Juan
dc.creatorScheffer, Marten
dc.creatorSchulte-Uebbing, Lena
dc.creatorVries, Wim de
dc.creatorXiao, Cunde
dc.creatorXu, Chi
dc.creatorXu, Xinwu
dc.creatorZafra-Calvo, Noelia
dc.creatorProdani, Klaudia
dc.creatorQin, Dahe
dc.creatorLade, Steven J.
dc.creatorAbrams, Jesse F.
dc.creatorAndersen, Lauren S.
dc.creatorArmstrong McKay, David I.
dc.creatorBai, Xuemei
dc.creatorBala, Govindasamy
dc.creatorBunn, Stuart E.
dc.creatorCiobanu, Daniel
dc.creatorDeClerck, Fabrice A.J.
dc.creatorEbi, Kristie
dc.creatorGifford, Lauren
dc.creatorGordon, Christopher
dc.creatorHasan, Syezlin
dc.creatorKanie, Norichika
dc.creatorLenton, Timothy M.
dc.creatorLoriani, Sina
dc.creatorLiverman, Diana M.
dc.creatorMohamed, Awaz
dc.creatorNakicenovic, Nebojsa
dc.creatorObura, David
dc.creatorOspina, Daniel
dc.creatorRammelt, Crelis
dc.creatorZhang, Xin
dc.date2023-07-06
dc.date2023-06-15T14:33:32Z
dc.date2023-06-15T14:33:32Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T13:30:22Z
dc.descriptionThe stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are inseparably linked1-3, yet their interdependencies are generally under-recognized; consequently, they are often treated independently4,5. Here, we use modelling and literature assessment to quantify safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for climate, the biosphere, water and nutrient cycles, and aerosols at global and subglobal scales. We propose ESBs for maintaining the resilience and stability of the Earth system (safe ESBs) and minimizing exposure to significant harm to humans from Earth system change (a necessary but not sufficient condition for justice)4. The stricter of the safe or just boundaries sets the integrated safe and just ESB. Our findings show that justice considerations constrain the integrated ESBs more than safety considerations for climate and atmospheric aerosol loading. Seven of eight globally quantified safe and just ESBs and at least two regional safe and just ESBs in over half of global land area are already exceeded. We propose that our assessment provides a quantitative foundation for safeguarding the global commons for all people now and into the future.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/130739
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/61513
dc.languageen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceRockström, J.; Sakschewski, B.; Gupta, J.; Scholtens, J.; Stewart-Koster, B.; Tharammal, T.; Vuuren, D.P.v.; Verburg, P.H.; Winkelmann, R.; Zimm, C.; Bennett, E.M.; Bringezu, S.; Broadgate, W.; Green, P.A.; Huang, L.; Jacobson, L.; Ndehedehe, C.; Pedde, S.; Rocha, J.; Scheffer, M.; Schulte-Uebbing, L.; de Vries, W.; Xiao, C.; Xu, C.; Xu, X.; Zafra-Calvo, N.; Prodani, K.; Qin, D.; Lade, S.J.; Abrams, J.F.; Andersen, L.S.; Armstrong McKay, D.I.; Bai, X.; Bala, G.; Bunn, S.E.; Ciobanu, D.; Declerck, F.; Ebi, K.; Gifford, L.; Gordon, C.; Hasan, S.; Kanie, N.; Lenton, T.M.; Loriani, S.; Liverman, D.M.; Mohamed, A.; Nakicenovic, N.; Obura, D.; Ospina, D.; Rammelt, C.; Zhang, X. (2023) Safe and just Earth system boundaries. Nature, Online first paper (31 May 2023). 19 p. ISSN: 0028-0836
dc.subjectearth
dc.subjecthumans
dc.subjectglobal observing systems
dc.titleSafe and just Earth system boundaries
dc.typeJournal Article

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