Gender Differences in Socio-Emotional Skills and Economic Outcomes
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Using data from 41,873 individuals
across 17 African countries and 13 studies, this paper maps
data from various self-reported scales to 10 socio-emotional
skills and examine gender differences in these skills and
their relationship with education and earnings. Apart from
self-control, the findings show a significant male advantage
in self-reported skills—men have an aggregate
socio-emotional skill level 0.151 standard deviations higher
than women, equivalent to the socio-emotional skill gained
over 5.6 years of education. This is robust to controlling
for positive self-concept. Closing the gender gap in
education would close 17percent of this gap. While overall
socio-emotional skill and education are positively
correlated for both men and women, women do not have a
positive correlation with education for some individual
socio-emotional skills. The male advantage in
socio-emotional skills increases at higher education levels.
Socio-emotional skills are associated with higher earnings,
especially for women. However, the specific skills
associated with higher earnings differ by gender.
Interpersonal skills are more strongly correlated with
earnings for women than for men, and measures of these
skills are often underrepresented, which indicates a key
direction for future research. The paper further examines
differences in the relationship between socio-emotional
skills and earnings by levels of education and occupation.
It discusses the implications of these results for
interventions seeking to hone women’s socio-emotional skills
for labor market success and to address the gender norms
that may perpetuate gaps in socio-emotional skills.
Palabras clave
GENDER INNOVATION LAB, GENDER, SOCIO-EMOTIONAL SKILLS, EARNINGS, HUMAN CAPITAL, DEMAND FOR SKILLED EMPLOYEES, SOCIO-EMOTIONAL SKILLS TRAINING, SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LEARNING, GENDERED INCOME AND SKILLS, AFRICA GENDER POLICY, WOMEN AND PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, WOMEN AND PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, WOMEN AND YOUTH EMPLOYMENT, WOMEN AND SOCIAL NORMS, WOMEN AND AGRICULTURE, WOMEN AND PROPERTY RIGHTS