Gender and Development in the Middle East and North Africa : Women in the Public Sphere
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Washington, DC
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Gender inequality-the differential
access to opportunity and security for women and girls-has
become an important and visible issue for the economies of
the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Gender equality
issues in MENA are usually approached from a social,
anthropological, or political angle. But the costs of
inequality are also borne at the economic level. This book
seeks to advance the gender equality discussion in the
region by framing the issues in terms of economic necessity.
It analyzes the potential for women's greater economic
contribution to the region's new development model,
which is further discussed in three parallel books on trade,
employment, and governance. It identifies key economic and
sociopolitical impediments to women's increased labor
force participation and empowerment, and it suggests a way
forward in developing an agenda for change. MENA's
achievements in many areas of women's well-being
compare favorably with those of other regions. Indicators
such as female education, fertility, and life expectancy
show that MENA's progress in those areas in recent
decades has been substantial. Where MENA falls considerably
short is on indicators of women's economic
participation and political empowerment (figure O.1).
MENA's rate of female labor force participation is
significantly lower than rates in the rest of the world, and
it is lower than would be expected when considering the
region's fertility rates, its educational levels, and
the age structure of the female population.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURE, CLIMATE, DEVELOPMENT REPORTS, DISCRIMINATION, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, EDUCATION POLICIES, ENROLLMENT, EQUAL ACCESS, ETHNICITY, FAMILIES, FAMILY PLANNING, GENDER, GENDER DISPARITY, GIRLS, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSING, INCOME, INCOMES, INFANT MORTALITY, INFORMAL SECTOR, LABOR FORCE, LAWS, LEADERSHIP, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LITERACY, LITERACY TRAINING, LIVING STANDARDS, MEDIA, MORTALITY, MOTHERS, NORMS, PARTICIPATION RATES, POWER, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PUBLIC SECTOR, SAFETY, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIALIZATION, SOCIETIES, SOCIETY, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TEXTILES, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN CENTERS, WORKERS, WORKING MOTHERS, WORKPLACE, YOUTH GENDER & DEVELOPMENT, WOMEN & THE ENVIRONMENT, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, ECONOMIC FACTORS, GENDER, WOMENS EDUCATION, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, POOR FAMILIES, HEALTH ISSUES, FERTILITY, PREGNANCY, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, GIRLS EDUCATION, ECONOMIC IMPACT, UNEMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURE, WAGES, BENEFITS, GENDER INEQUALITY, WORKING MOTHERS, MATERNITY LEAVE, INFRASTRUCTURE, POLICY MAKING