Rapid Economic Growth but Rising Poverty Segregation
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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Viet Nam is widely regarded as a
success story for its impressive economic growth and poverty
reduction in the last few decades. Yet, recent evidence
indicates that the country’s economic growth has not been
uniform. Compiling and analyzing new, extensive
province-level data from the Vietnam Household Living
Standards Surveys spanning 2002 to 2020 and other data
sources, this paper finds within-province inequality to be
much larger than between-province inequality. Furthermore,
this inequality gap has been rising over time. Despite the
country’s fast poverty reduction, the poor were increasingly
segregated in certain provinces, particularly those with a
larger ethnic minority population. The analysis finds a
beneficial impact of economic growth on poverty reduction,
but this can depend on inequality levels. It also finds that
greater inequality has had negative effects on economic
growth but varying negative effects on different poverty
indicators. The paper provides supportive evidence of the
beneficial impact of economic transitions from agriculture
to non-agriculture. The results suggest that policy makers
in Viet Nam should focus on reducing spatial disparities and
income inequality to attain sustainable economic development.
Palabras clave
POVERTY, INEQUALITY, PRO-POOR GROWTH, CONVERGENCE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, VIET NAM