Scaling Up Investment in Climate Change Mitigation Activities
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The case for scaling up mitigation
efforts is urgent and has been made repeatedly in the last
few years whether denominated in gigatonnes of needed
reductions in greenhouse gas emissions per year or tens of
'gigadollars' of needed annual investments in zero
and low carbon technologies and systems. The World Bank is
now beginning to actively engage partners it contemplates in
its new carbon partnership facility. As these discussions
'get down to business', it will be helpful to have
a better understanding of the types of scaling up
opportunities and the steps that need to be taken to get
proper policy frameworks in place (internationally and
domestically) to ensure carbon finance plays an effective
role. This paper is organised as follows : Section 2
provides detail on what 'scaling up' means in
practice. It draws from literature looking at this question
from a range of perspectives; and Section 3 looks at the
policy and investment situation for scaling up activities
that exists today, i.e. in advance of any new policy
instruments being considered in a post-2012 context.
Palabras clave
ABATEMENT COST, ABATEMENT POTENTIAL, AGGREGATION LEVEL, AIR, ALLOCATION, ALLOWANCES, ANNUAL COSTS, APPROACH, ATMOSPHERE, AVAILABILITY, BALANCE, BASELINE METHODS, BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE, BIOMASS, BOILER, BOILERS, BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO, CAPITAL MARKETS, CARBON, CARBON ASSETS, CARBON CAPTURE, CARBON CREDITING, CARBON CREDITS, CARBON ECONOMY, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON FINANCE, CARBON FINANCE COMPONENT, CARBON FINANCING, CARBON FOOTPRINT, CARBON FUND, CARBON IMPACTS, CARBON INVESTMENT, CARBON MARKET, CARBON MARKETS, CARBON NEUTRAL, CARBON OFFSETS, CARBON POLICY, CARBON PRICE, CARBON PROJECTS, CARBON TECHNOLOGIES, CELLULOSE, CELLULOSE ETHANOL, CEMENT, CHEMICALS, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM, CLEAN ENERGY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ACTIVITIES, CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY, CLIMATE SYSTEM, CO, CO2, COAL, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COST OF ABATEMENT, DECISION MAKING, DEFORESTATION, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC SECTORS, ECONOMICS, ECOSYSTEM, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, EMISSION, EMISSION BASELINE, EMISSION INTENSITY, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSION REDUCTION ACTIVITIES, EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS, EMISSION REDUCTION OUTCOMES, EMISSION REDUCTION QUANTIFICATION, EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, EMISSION TARGETS, EMISSIONS CREDITS, EMISSIONS MITIGATION, EMISSIONS PROJECTIONS, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY EFFICIENCIES, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES, ENERGY POLICIES, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SUPPLY, ENERGY SYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTS, ETHANOL, FINANCIAL FLOWS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FORESTRY, FORESTRY PRACTICES, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FUEL SWITCHING, GAS PRODUCTION, GHG, GLOBAL EMISSION, GLOBAL EMISSION REDUCTIONS, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS, GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS ABATEMENT, GREENHOUSE GAS ABATEMENT COST, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, HCFC, IMPORTS, INDUSTRIAL BOILERS, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES, IPCC, LANDFILL, LANDFILL SITE, LOWER COSTS, MARKET INSTRUMENTS, NATIONAL EMISSION, NATIONAL EMISSIONS, NUCLEAR ENERGY, NUCLEAR FUSION, OFFSET CREDITS, OIL, OIL PRODUCTS, PENALTIES, PERVERSE INCENTIVES, PIPELINE, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY SCENARIO, PORTFOLIO, POWER, POWER GENERATION, POWER PLANTS, PP, PRODUCERS, REBATES, RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY, RETROFITTING, SCENARIOS, SILVER, SINK, STREAMS, SUBSTITUTION, SUGARCANE, SUPPLY SIDE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TRADE SYSTEM, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TURBINE, UNCERTAINTIES, UNEP, UTILITIES, VEHICLES, VERIFICATION ACTIVITIES, VERIFICATION SYSTEMS, WATER HEATING, WIND, WINDFALL PROFITS