Malaysia Economic Monitor, December 2015
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Growth moderated throughout 2015,
affected by a slowdown in private consumption and weak
export growth. The authorities have generally managed the
downturn in commodity prices and the financial market
volatility with a reasonable mix of macro policies.
Heightened external volatility calls for prudent macro
policies and acceleration of structural reforms. The
eleventh Malaysia plan stresses the importance of effective
migration management to achieve high-income country status
by 2020. Immigration continues to play a crucial role in
Malaysia’s development. While job growth has recently been
concentrated in high-skilled occupations, three quarters of
all jobs in Malaysia are still low- and mid-skilled.
Econometric modelling suggests that immigrant workers can
raise gross domestic product (GDP) and create employment for
Malaysians. The current process for sourcing immigrant
workers is complex and costly for the migrant. The
immigration system can better meet the country’s development
objectives if it is aligned with Malaysia’s human resource
development strategy. Global experience shows that
successful immigration systems recognize the long-term role
of immigrant workers in the hosting country’s economic and
social objectives if they are: (a) market-driven, with
immigration flows aligned with labor market demands; (b)
comprehensive, acknowledging the need for immigrants of all
types; and (c) balanced, minimizing the negative impacts on
Malaysian workers, and protecting immigrant workers from abuse.
Palabras clave
WAGE IMPACT, JOBS, EMPLOYMENT, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, TOTAL WORKERS, EMPLOYMENT RATE, LABOUR CONTRACTS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS, NET JOB CREATION, WAGE GAP, MANUFACTURING WAGES, LABOUR UNIONS, SKILLED WORKERS, PREVIOUS SECTION, MINIMUM WAGE, FIRM PRODUCTIVITY, FIRM LEVEL ANALYSIS, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, LOW-SKILLED LABOUR, UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURE, TOTAL LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE, ECONOMIC NEEDS, HEALTH INSURANCE, LABOUR MARKET NEEDS, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT, LABOUR FORCE GROWTH, CLERICAL WORKERS, PRIMARY SOURCE, LABOUR POLICY, JOB, HUMAN RESOURCE STRATEGY, PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT, LABOR ECONOMICS, EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS, SERVANTS, LABOUR DEMAND, WAGE LEVEL, FIRM SIZE, EMPLOYMENT RATES, EDUCATIONAL DISTRIBUTION, LABOUR SHORTAGES, RETAIL TRADE, REAL WAGES, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS, LABOUR SHARE, WAGE GROWTH, JOB LOSSES, WORK EXPERIENCE, PRODUCTION PROCESS, EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE, EMPLOYMENT INCREASES, LABOUR LAWS, HUMAN RESOURCE, DOMESTIC WORKERS, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, LABOR MARKET, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN, PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENTS, WAGE BILL, LABOUR COSTS, UNEMPLOYED WORKERS, EMPLOYMENT… SHARE, FIRM LEVEL, DISPLACEMENT, WORKER, INCOME INEQUALITY, PREVIOUS ONES, UNEMPLOYED, LABOUR MOBILITY, LABOUR LAW, TOTAL WAGES, ADJUSTMENT PROCESS, JOB MARKET, DOWNWARD PRESSURE, SEASONAL WORKERS, LABOR, PRIMARY SCHOOL, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, LABOUR MARKETS, JOB SEARCH, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT, JOB VACANCY, LABOUR REGULATIONS, SKILLED WORKER, UNEMPLOYMENT, SKILL PREMIUM, REASONABLE ASSUMPTION, AVERAGE WAGES, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, HUMAN CAPITAL, PREVIOUS WORK, WORKERS, PRODUCTIVITY EFFECT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, REAL WAGE, AVERAGE WAGE, LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION, SKILL SHORTAGES, WAGE DATA, JOB VACANCIES, STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES, WAGE PREMIUM, SKILLED WORKFORCE, OCCUPATIONS, LABOUR MARKET, OCCUPATION, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, SKILL UPGRADING, EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, JOB CREATION, PRIVATE SECTOR, EARNING, LABOR MOBILITY, LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY, REASONABLE ASSUMPTIONS, MANPOWER, MANAGEMENT, SERVICE SECTORS, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, SKILLED LABOUR, LABOUR MARKET OUTCOMES, DISMISSAL, LABOUR FORCE, SUBSTITUTION EFFECT, WORKING CONDITIONS, REALLOCATION EFFECT, HUMAN RESOURCES, SKILLED OCCUPATIONS, DISPLACEMENT EFFECTS, LOCAL LABOUR MARKET, FORCED LABOUR, FOREIGN WORKERS, LOCAL EMPLOYERS, LABOUR MARKET CONDITIONS, DISCIPLINE, EMPLOYEE, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, WORKERS HEALTH INSURANCE, UNSKILLED JOBS, LABOR SUPPLY, WAGE EFFECTS, LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOUR REGULATION, UNSKILLED WORKER, FOREIGN LABOR, INCOME REDISTRIBUTION, UNSKILLED WORKERS, LABOUR STANDARDS, PRIMARY OBJECTIVE, PRIMARY EDUCATION, EDUCATIONAL LEVELS, LABOUR SUPPLY, SUPPLIERS, WAGE DISTRIBUTION, LABOUR, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT, PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT, EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, SMALL BUSINESSES, PRODUCTION PROCESSES, SERVICE PROVIDERS, EMPLOYEES