Environmental Management in Bolivia : Innovations and Opportunities
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Pollution management is at the top of
the development agenda of Bolivia, and this program helps
address it in a cross-sectoral manner. In the context of the
implementation of the program environmental management in
Bolivia: innovations and opportunities which was conducted
from September 2010 until October 2012, the World Bank has
implemented a technical assistance program and supported a
multisectoral analysis in order to help the Bolivian
government improve environmental management in four specific
areas: (a) water resource pollution by mining and mitigation
of the pollution; (b) evaluation of potential wastewater
reuse in agriculture with case studies from Cochabamba and
Tarija; (c) improvement of waste management; and (d)
evaluation of health benefits through adequate water supply
and basic sanitation. The program s overall objective is to
help strengthen environmental management in critical areas
of the pollution management agenda. This report summarizes
the outcomes of the pillar of the program on analytical
services and is divided into five chapters: (1) improved
water supply, sanitation, and hygiene: health impacts; (2)
innovation in solid waste management: options for the
future; (3) reuse of wastewater to mitigate water scarcity:
case studies in Cochabamba and Tarija; (4) cooperative gold
mining: dynamics and challenges in a rapidly growing sector;
and (5) mining and water: the benefits of integrated water
resource management at the watershed level. In every
instance, the focus has been on identifying the windows of
opportunity for policy action and investment in what is an
often complex social and economic setting. The findings and
recommendations carried out as part of the program have been
consulted upon with a broad range of stakeholders in Bolivia
through the series of workshops on each of the topics, and
the recommendations presented in this report are limited to
a range of options that are feasible and yet innovative in
the current context, hence the reference in the title of
this report to innovations and opportunities.
La gestión de la contaminación es una prioridad de los planes de desarrollo de Bolivia. El Banco Mundial ha implementado un programa de asistencia técnica y soporte analítico multisectorial apoyando al gobierno de Bolivia a mejorar la gestión ambiental en cuatro áreas específicas: la contaminación del recurso hídrico debido a la minería y mitigación de la contaminación; evaluación de la posibilidad de reutilizar aguas residuales en la agricultura, con estudios de caso en Cochabamba y Tarija; fortalecimiento de la gestión de residuos sólidos; y evaluación de los beneficios para la salud que tendría el acceso a agua potable y a saneamiento básico adecuados. El objetivo general del programa es contribuir a fortalecer la gestión ambiental en ámbitos críticos del plan de gestión de la contaminación. El programa se dirige a organismos gubernamentales y no gubernamentales de Bolivia, al mundo académico y a la comunidad de donantes. El agua, el cambio climático y la salud humana son temas transversales en las cuatro áreas del programa y los aborda en cada uno de los capítulos del informe.
La gestión de la contaminación es una prioridad de los planes de desarrollo de Bolivia. El Banco Mundial ha implementado un programa de asistencia técnica y soporte analítico multisectorial apoyando al gobierno de Bolivia a mejorar la gestión ambiental en cuatro áreas específicas: la contaminación del recurso hídrico debido a la minería y mitigación de la contaminación; evaluación de la posibilidad de reutilizar aguas residuales en la agricultura, con estudios de caso en Cochabamba y Tarija; fortalecimiento de la gestión de residuos sólidos; y evaluación de los beneficios para la salud que tendría el acceso a agua potable y a saneamiento básico adecuados. El objetivo general del programa es contribuir a fortalecer la gestión ambiental en ámbitos críticos del plan de gestión de la contaminación. El programa se dirige a organismos gubernamentales y no gubernamentales de Bolivia, al mundo académico y a la comunidad de donantes. El agua, el cambio climático y la salud humana son temas transversales en las cuatro áreas del programa y los aborda en cada uno de los capítulos del informe.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SAFE WATER, ACCESS TO WATER SUPPLY, ADEQUATE SANITATION, ADEQUATE WATER, ADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL USES, AIR POLLUTION, ARABLE LAND, BASIC SANITATION, BASIC WATER SUPPLY, BASINS, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND, BOD, BOREHOLES, BROAD RANGE, CATCHMENT, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATE, CHLORINATING, CLEAN TECHNOLOGY, CLIMATE CHANGE, COD, COMPOSTING, COMPOSTING TOILETS, CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, CROP IRRIGATION, CUBIC METERS, DEFORESTATION, DISINFECTION, DOMESTIC WASTEWATER, DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE NETWORK, DRINKING WATER, DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATES, ECONOMETRICS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EFFLUENTS, ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTS, EXCRETA, EXCRETA DISPOSAL, EXPENDITURES, EXTERNALITIES, FERTILIZERS, FILTERS, FLUSH TOILETS, GARBAGE, GOLD MINING, HEAVY METALS, HOUSEHOLD CONNECTION, HOUSEHOLDS, INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, INVESTMENT PROGRAM, IRRIGATION, LAND USE, LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS, MERCURY, MERCURY POLLUTION, MINES, MINING OPERATIONS, MORTALITY RATE, MORTALITY RATES, MUNICIPALITIES, NATURAL RESOURCES, NUTRIENTS, OPERATIONAL COSTS, OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT, OXYGEN, PATHOGENS, PIT LATRINES, POLICY MAKERS, POLLUTION, POND, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION GROWTH, POTABLE WATER, POTABLE WATER SUPPLY, PRESENT VALUE, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION PATTERNS, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PROTECTED AREAS, PROTECTED SPRINGS, QUALITY OF WATER, QUALITY WATER, RAINWATER, RESERVOIRS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, RIVER CATCHMENTS, RIVERS, RUNOFF, SANITARY LANDFILLS, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION SECTOR, SANITATION SERVICE, SANITATION SERVICES, SANITATION WATER, SANITATION WATER SUPPLY, SEDIMENTATION, SEPTIC TANK, SEPTIC TANKS, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE FEE, SERVICE PROVISION, SERVICE QUALITY, SEWERAGE, SEWERAGE SERVICES, SMALL TOWNS, SOIL EROSION, SOLID WASTE, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, STABILIZATION, STANDPIPES, SURFACE WATER, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, TREATED WASTEWATER, TREATMENT TECHNIQUES, TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, URBAN AREAS, URBAN SANITATION, WASTE COLLECTION, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WASTE PRODUCTION, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT, WASTEWATER REUSE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS, WATER CONTAMINATION, WATER POLLUTION, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SCARCITY, WATER SERVICE, WATER SOURCE, WATER SOURCES, WATER SUPPLIES, WATER SUPPLY, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, WATERSHEDS, WELLS, WETLANDS