Opportunities, challenges, and interventions for agriculture 4.0 adoption

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dc.creatorVijayakumar, Shanmugam
dc.creatorMurugaiyan, Varunseelan
dc.creatorIlakkiya, S.
dc.creatorKumar, Virender
dc.creatorSundaram, Raman Meenakshi
dc.creatorKumar, Rapolu Mahender
dc.date2025-08-11
dc.date2025-09-30T08:32:35Z
dc.date2025-09-30T08:32:35Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T04:09:51Z
dc.descriptionHigher production costs, declining profitability, labor shortages, increasing wages, environmental degradation, and freshwater scarcity are major issues in agriculture. Agriculture 4.0, a data-driven transformation, addresses these issues through modern technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and agricultural robots. It automates farm operations, enhances crop yield, food quality, safety, traceability, resource use efficiency, early issue detection, and minimises waste. By collecting and analyzing real-time data on soil, crop, and weather, Agriculture 4.0 enables tailored soil and crop management, reducing external inputs cost, mitigating labor constraints, protecting environment, increasing climate resilience, and promoting long-term sustainability while safeguarding natural resources. Despite its potential, the adoption of Agriculture 4.0 remains slow and uneven, particularly in developing nations and among smallholder farmers. This review examines the key barriers to adoption and proposes strategies for scaling implementation. Major obstacles include high initial investment costs, fragmented land holdings, diverse cropping systems, limited farmer awareness, lack of technical skills, inadequate digital literacy, complex AI algorithms, unreliable infrastructure, insufficient high-quality training data, poor internet connectivity, data privacy concerns, and a lack of supportive government policies. To overcome these challenges, a multi-faceted approach is necessary. This includes developing cost-effective sensors, user-friendly algorithms, and versatile machinery tailored for small-scale farms. Additionally, investments in rural infrastructure, public-private partnerships, farmer training programs, and policy interventions, such as subsidies, tax incentives, and regulatory frameworks are critical to ensuring equitable access and maximizing the benefits of Agriculture 4.0 for sustainable and inclusive agricultural growth.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/176710
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/23625
dc.languageen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceVijayakumar, Shanmugam, Varunseelan Murugaiyan, S. Ilakkiya, Virender Kumar, Raman Meenakshi Sundaram, and Rapolu Mahender Kumar. "Opportunities, challenges, and interventions for agriculture 4.0 adoption." Discover Food 5, no. 1 (2025): 265.
dc.subjectagriculture
dc.subjectartificial intelligence
dc.subjectunmanned aerial vehicles
dc.subjectinternet of things
dc.subjectbig data
dc.subjectcrop yield
dc.subjectfood quality
dc.subjecttraceability
dc.subjectresource use efficiency
dc.subjectwaste reduction
dc.subjectclimate resilience
dc.subjectsmallholders
dc.subjectcropping systems
dc.subjectinnovation adoption
dc.subjecttraining
dc.subjectregulations
dc.titleOpportunities, challenges, and interventions for agriculture 4.0 adoption
dc.typeJournal Article

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Instituto Internacional de Investigación del Arroz (IRRI)