Islamic Republic of Iran : An Agricultural Policy Note
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Washington, DC
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This report addresses key structural,
institutional, and sectoral policy impediments to achieving
a higher, and sustained economic growth in the sector, and
poverty reduction in rural areas of Iran. It focuses mainly
on an assessment of agricultural development outcomes, a
discussion of the agricultural policy agenda, and provides
recommendations for future policy dialogue between the Bank,
and the Government of Iran. On examining development
outcomes, the report assesses the agricultural sector's
contribution, which - though in decline - has displayed
rapid growth (4.9 percent) during the course of the
1990's; identifies the strong rural content of poverty
in Iran, where the proportion of the rural population living
in households with income below the poverty line, is the
highest; and, examines the increasing pressures on the
natural resources, with deforestation and erosion reaching
alarming proportions. Policy in the sector has been driven
largely by the need to rely on domestic production, to meet
the needs of a rapidly increasing demand. However, and
despite significant rural development achievements, an
inadequate market structure, and organization for commodity
markets, land fragmentation, and related social issues, are
hindering further development in agriculture and rural
areas. Iran's agricultural exports face several
constraints that arise from conflicting domestic policies
relating to production, storage, distribution, food
security, and pricing concerns. In the short-term, the Bank
could provide input into the development of a Strategic
Framework for Sustainable Agricultural and Rural
Development, in the form of high impact focused technical
studies, following the approach used with the energy
subsidies. This could lead eventually to a comprehensive,
and participatory Agricultural and Rural Development
Strategy Note. Knowledge sharing with the private, and
public sector requiring first in-depth studies, could be
provided before putting in place a series of show-case
projects, to transfer international best-practices in areas
such as, marketing, land reform, or human development.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL LANDS, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PERFORMANCE, AGRICULTURAL POLICIES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL TRADE, AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL PRODUCTION, ANIMAL PRODUCTS, ARABLE LAND, BARLEY, CATTLE, CENTRAL BANK, CEREALS, COMMODITIES, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, CONSUMERS, COTTON, CROP LANDS, CROPS, DECENTRALIZATION, DECISION MAKING, DEFORESTATION, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DIVISION OF LABOR, ECOLOGICAL FACTORS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION, ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM, ECONOMIC SECTORS, EGGS, EMPLOYMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPORTS, EXTENSION, FAO, FARMERS, FARMING, FARMING SYSTEMS, FARMS, FEED, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SUPPLIES, FOREIGN COMPETITION, FORESTRY, FRUITS, GDP, GENDER, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, HEALTH CARE, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, IMPORTS, INCOME, INPUT MARKETS, IRRIGATION, LABOR FORCE, LAND REFORM, LIVESTOCK, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARDS, MARGINAL LANDS, MARKET LIBERALIZATION, MARKETING, OIL, OVERGRAZING, POULTRY, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRICE CONTROLS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RICE, ROOTS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, RURAL ROADS, SHEEP, SMALL FARMERS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TARIFF BARRIERS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TERMS OF TRADE, TEXTILES, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE REFORMS, TRANSPORT, VALUE ADDED, VEGETABLES, WATER EROSION, WATER RESOURCES, WHEAT, WIND EROSION, WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL POLICY, STRUCTURAL APPROACHES, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS, SECTORAL POLICY, RURAL POVERTY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, GROWTH POLICY, POLICY DIALOGUES, NATURAL RESOURCE DEPLETION, DEFORESTATION, SOIL EROSION, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, MARKET-BASED INSTRUMENTS, COMMODITY MARKETS, LAND OWNERSHIP, FRAGMENTATION, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, FOOD SECURITY, AGRICULTURAL PRICING, SOCIAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE & ADVISORY SERVICES, KNOWLEDGE SHARING, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, LENDING OPERATIONS