The Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on COVID-19 in India
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This study investigates the causal
effects of long-term particulate matter 2.5 exposure on
COVID-19 deaths, fatality rates, and cases in India by using
an instrumental variables approach based on thermal
inversion episodes. The estimation results indicate that a 1
percent increase in long-term exposure to particulate matter
2.5 leads to an increase in COVID-19 deaths by 5.7
percentage points and an increase in the COVID-19 fatality
rate by 0.027 percentage point, but this exposure is not
necessarily correlated with COVID-19 cases. People with
underlying health conditions such as respiratory illness
caused by exposure to air pollution might have a higher risk
of death following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This finding might
also apply to other countries where high levels of air
pollution are a critical issue for development and public health.
Palabras clave
CORONAVIRUS, COVID-19, PANDEMIC IMPACT, AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION, INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES, THERMAL INVERSION, PARTICULATE MATTER