Village Sanitation and Children's Human Capital : Evidence from a Randomized Experiment by the Maharashtra Government
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Open defecation is exceptionally
widespread in India, a county with puzzlingly high rates of
child stunting. This paper reports a randomized controlled
trial of a village-level sanitation program, implemented in
one district by the government of Maharashtra. The program
caused a large but plausible average increase in child
height (95 percent confidence interval [0.04 to 0.61]
standard deviations), which is an important marker of human
capital. The results demonstrate sanitation externalities:
an effect even on children in households that did not adopt
latrines. Unusually, surveyors also collected data in
districts where the government planned but ultimately did
not conduct an experiment, permitting analysis of the
importance of the set eligible for randomization.
Palabras clave
BASIC SANITATION, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, BULLETIN, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MALNUTRITION, CHILD STUNTING, COMMUNICABLE DISEASE, CURATIVE HEALTH CARE, DEFECATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DIARRHEA, DIARRHEAL DISEASES, DIARRHOEA, DISEASE, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY, ECONOMIC STATUS, EPIDEMIOLOGY, FAMILY HEALTH, GENDER BIAS, GLOBAL POVERTY, GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS, HANDWASHING, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD LATRINES, HUMAN BIOLOGY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN WELFARE, IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFANTS, INFECTION, INFECTIONS, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, INTERVENTION, LABOR MARKET, LATRINE CONSTRUCTION, LATRINES, MALNUTRITION, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICINE, MODERNIZATION, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, PATHOGENS, POLICY CONCERN, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLICY RESPONSE, POOR HEALTH, POPULATION DENSITY, POSTNEONATAL MORTALITY, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, RESEARCH PROGRAM, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DISTRICT, SANITARY ENVIRONMENT, SANITATION, SANITATION PROMOTION, SERIES OF MEETINGS, SEX, SOCIAL MOBILIZATION, SPILLOVER, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TOILETS, TREATMENT, UNDERNUTRITION, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POPULATION, USE OF LATRINES, VACCINE, VISION, WATER QUALITY, WATER SUPPLIES, WATER SUPPLY, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG CHILDREN