Green Subsidies and the WTO

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dc.creatorCharnovitz, Steve
dc.date2014-10-30T20:56:31Z
dc.date2014-10-30T20:56:31Z
dc.date2014-10
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:49:38Z
dc.descriptionThis paper provides a detailed explanation how the law of the World Trade Organization regulates environmental subsidies with a focus on renewable energy subsidies. The paper begins by discussing the economic justifications for such subsidies and the criticisms of them and then gives examples of categories of subsidies. The paper provides an overview of the relevant World Trade Organization rules and case law, including the recent Canada-Renewable Energy case. The paper also makes specific recommendations for how World Trade Organization law can be improved and discusses the literature on reform proposals. The study finds that because of a lack of clarity in World Trade Organizaion rules, for some clean energy subsidies, a government will not know in advance whether the subsidy is World Trade Organization-legal.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/10/20290817/green-subsidies-wto
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/20500
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7060
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/411602
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank Group, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 7060
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABATEMENT
dc.subjectADVERSE EFFECTS
dc.subjectAGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectAGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAPPELLATE BODY
dc.subjectAPPELLATE BODY REPORT
dc.subjectBANK LENDING
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBUDGET CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKET
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCARBON TAX
dc.subjectCASE LAW
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCOMPLEX TASK
dc.subjectCONFLICT OF LAW
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCOST SAVINGS
dc.subjectCOUNTERVAILING DUTIES
dc.subjectCOUNTERVAILING MEASURES
dc.subjectCOUNTRY MARKET
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDIMINISHING RETURNS
dc.subjectDIRECT TRANSFER
dc.subjectDISADVANTAGED REGIONS
dc.subjectDISGUISED RESTRICTION
dc.subjectDISPUTE SETTLEMENT
dc.subjectDISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM
dc.subjectDOMESTIC INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDUMPING
dc.subjectECONOMIC EFFECTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC LAW
dc.subjectECONOMIC WELFARE
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectECONOMISTS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectENERGY SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL GOODS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL LAW
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL SUBSIDY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL TREATIES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTS
dc.subjectEQUITY CAPITAL
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXPORT CREDIT
dc.subjectEXPORT CREDITS
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXPORT SUBSIDY
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL BENEFIT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICIES
dc.subjectFOREIGN COMPANIES
dc.subjectFOREIGN COUNTRIES
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectFOREIGN GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUELS
dc.subjectFREE RIDERS
dc.subjectGENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGLOBAL WELFARE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT GRANTS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT GUARANTEE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT REGULATION
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SUBSIDY
dc.subjectGREEN INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectGROWTH THEORY
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINCREASING RETURNS
dc.subjectINFORMATION ASYMMETRIES
dc.subjectINTANGIBLES
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATE INPUTS
dc.subjectINTERNALIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL AGENCIES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL LAW
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW
dc.subjectINVESTMENT DECISION
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectJURISDICTION
dc.subjectLEGAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectMANAGED TRADE
dc.subjectMARGINAL BENEFITS
dc.subjectMARGINAL COSTS
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMARKET DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectMARKET EXPECTATIONS
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURE
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMARKET SHARE
dc.subjectMATERIAL INJURY
dc.subjectNATIONAL AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectNEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectNEGATIVE EXTERNALITY
dc.subjectNON-ACTIONABLE SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectNON-TARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectOVERHEAD COSTS
dc.subjectPANEL REPORT
dc.subjectPATENTS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOLLUTER
dc.subjectPOLLUTERS
dc.subjectPOLLUTION
dc.subjectPOLLUTION CONTROL
dc.subjectPORTFOLIO
dc.subjectPOSITIVE EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectPOSITIVE EXTERNALITY
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTORS
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATIONS
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION PROCESS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION PROCESSES
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOOD
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOODS
dc.subjectPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
dc.subjectRATE OF RETURN
dc.subjectREGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectREMEDIES
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGIES
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectRESOURCE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectSECURITY EXCEPTIONS
dc.subjectSETTLEMENT SYSTEM
dc.subjectSOCIAL COSTS
dc.subjectSUBSIDIZATION
dc.subjectSUBSIDIZED IMPORTS
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX ADVANTAGES
dc.subjectTAX BENEFITS
dc.subjectTAX CREDIT
dc.subjectTAX CREDITS
dc.subjectTAX SUBSIDY
dc.subjectTAX TREATMENT
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE DISPUTES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectTRADE RULES
dc.subjectTRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRANSFER OF FUNDS
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectUNFAIR COMPETITION
dc.subjectUNJUSTIFIABLE DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectVENTURE CAPITAL
dc.subjectVENTURE CAPITALIST
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectWORLD MARKET
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWORLD TRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleGreen Subsidies and the WTO

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