Distortions to Agricultural
            Incentives in Africa

Masters, William A.; Anderson, Kym

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa

Autores

Masters, William A.

Anderson, Kym

Editor

World Bank

Descripción

One of every two people in Sub-Saharan Africa survives on less than $1.25 a day. That proportion has changed little over the past three decades, unlike in Asia and elsewhere, so the region's share of global poverty has risen from one-tenth to almost one-third since 1980. About 70 percent of today's 400 million poor Africans live in rural areas and depend directly or indirectly on farming for their livelihoods. While that rural share was even higher in the past, it means policies affecting the incentives for farmers to produce and sell farm products remain a major influence on the extent of Africa's poverty. The case studies help address questions such as the following: where is there still a policy bias against agricultural production? To what extent are some farmers now being protected from import competition? What are the political economic forces behind the more-successful reformers, and how do they compare with those in less-successful countries where major distortions in agricultural incentives remain? How important have domestic political forces been in bringing about reform, as compared with international forces? What explains the cross commodity pattern of distortions within the agricultural sector of each country? What policy lessons and trade implications can be drawn from these differing experiences with a view to ensuring better growth-enhancing and poverty-reducing outcomes in the study's focus countries and in the region's other economies?

Palabras clave

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, AFRICAN FARMERS, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL EXPORT, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL POLICIES, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, AGRICULTURAL POLICY ISSUES, AGRICULTURAL PRICE, AGRICULTURAL PRICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, AGRICULTURAL TRADE, AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION, ANIMAL DISEASE, BALANCE SHEET, BEAN, BEEF, BIOTECHNOLOGY, BORDER PRICES, CA, CASH CROPS, CASSAVA, CENTRAL PLANNING, COCOA, COFFEE, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMMODITY PRICES, COMMON MARKET, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMER ECONOMICS, CONSUMER FOOD SUBSIDIES, CONSUMERS, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER, COTTON, COUNTRY TO COUNTRY, CROP, CROPS, DATES, DEPOSITS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, DISEASE CONTROL, DOLLAR VALUE, DOLLAR VALUES, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DOMESTIC PRICE, DOMESTIC PRICES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, ECONOMICS RESEARCH, EMERGING ECONOMIES, EUROPEAN COMMISSION, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPORT SECTOR, EXPORTS, EXTENSION, EXTREME POVERTY, FAO, FARM PRODUCTS, FARMERS, FARMING, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FOOD AVAILABILITY, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD POLICY, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCERS, FOOD PRODUCTS, FOOD STAPLES, FOOD SUPPLIES, FOREIGN CURRENCY, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, GA, GATT, GDP PER CAPITA, GLOBAL EXPORTS, GLOBAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS VALUE, GROUNDNUT, GROWTH RATE, HUNGER, IMPERFECT COMPETITION, INSURANCE, INTEGRATION, INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE DRY AREAS, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, LAND REFORM, LIVELIHOODS, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, MAIZE, MARKET PRICES, MARKET STRUCTURE, MEAL, MEAT, MILK, MILLET, MULTILATERAL TRADE, NASH, NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, NET EXPORTS, OILSEEDS, OUTPUTS, PALM OIL, PER CAPITA INCOME, PER CAPITA INCOMES, PLANTAIN, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL REGIME, POULTRY, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POWER PARITY, PRICE DISTORTIONS, PROCESSED FOODS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PULSES, PURCHASING POWER, REAL GDP, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SHEEP, SHEEP MEAT, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SORGHUM, SOYBEAN, STAPLE FOODS, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, SUGAR, SUGAR SORGHUM, SUPERMARKET, TAX, TAXATION, TEA, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, UNITED NATIONS, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX, URBAN POVERTY, VALUE ADDED, VANILLA, WHEAT, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO, YAM