Measuring Women's Empowerment and the Impact of Ethiopia's Women's Development Initiatives Project
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This report discusses the World Bank
aided Women's Development Initiatives Project (WDIP),
under implementation in Ethiopia. The study assesses the
empowerment status of Ethiopian women in both rural and
urban areas, and evaluates the impact of participation in
WDIP on women's empowerment. Empowerment status and
impact are measured against indicators in the economic,
political, social, and psychological domains, on the
assumption that WDIP, a project designed to expand economic
opportunities, strengthen self-reliance, and build
awareness, will affect outcomes in all these spheres. WDIP
is a community-driven development project that seeks to
enhance women's empowerment and participation in
development interventions by mobilizing women at the
grassroots level and capitalizing on their potential to
support development processes. WDIP seeks to redress gender
imbalances in development opportunity by investing in
women's skills, productivity, and organizational
capacity. This report is structured as follows: section one
gives introduction. Section two outlines the objective and
conceptual framework. Section three presents research design
and methodology. Section four focuses on analysis of
women's empowerment and the determinants of
empowerment. Section five presents impact evaluation of WDIP.
Palabras clave
ABDUCTION, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCESS TO MARKETS, ADULT LITERACY, AGE AT MARRIAGE, AGE OF MARRIAGE, AVERAGE SCORE, BEATING, BEATINGS, BENEFICIARY SELECTION, BUSINESS WOMEN, CAPACITY BUILDING, CHILD MALNUTRITION, CITIZENS, CODES OF CONDUCT, CONTRACEPTION, COURTS, CRIMES, CRIMINAL, CULTURAL CHANGE, DECISION MAKING, DEPRESSION, DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS, DISCRIMINATION, DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, DISCRIMINATORY LAWS, DISEASE, DIVORCE, DOMESTIC ABUSE, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, EARLY MARRIAGE, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, ECONOMIC RESOURCES, EDUCATED WOMEN, EMOTIONAL SUPPORT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPOWERMENT, EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN, ENHANCING WOMEN, EQUALITY, ETHNIC GROUP, EXPOSURE TO WOMEN, FAMILY LAW, FATHER, FATHERS, FEMALE, FEMALE CHILD, FEMALE CHILDREN, FEMALE EDUCATION, FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, FEMALE POPULATION, FEMALES, FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS, FORCED MARRIAGE, GENDER, GENDER AWARENESS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER GAP, GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION, GENDER GAP IN PRIMARY, GENDER GAPS, GENDER IMBALANCES, GENDER INEQUALITIES, GENITAL MUTILATION, GIRLS, GOVERNMENT OFFICES, HARMFUL PRACTICES, HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES, HEALTH INSURANCE, HIV/AIDS, HOME, HOUSEHOLD ASSETS, HOUSEHOLD CHORES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD PROPERTY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUSBAND, HUSBANDS, ILLITERACY, INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, INHERITANCE, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, INSURANCE, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, JUDGES, JUSTICE, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LACK OF KNOWLEDGE, LAWS, LEADERSHIP, LEGAL PROTECTION, LEGAL REFORM, LEGAL REFORMS, LEGISLATION, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LITERACY, LOCAL WOMEN, MARITAL STATUS, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICINES, MENTAL HEALTH, MODERN FAMILY, MOTHER, MUSLIM WOMEN, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POLICY, NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, OFFENCES, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, PEER PRESSURE, PENAL CODE, PHYSICAL HEALTH, POLITICAL ACTIVITY, POOR WOMEN, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, PRIOR TO MARRIAGE, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PROTECTION OF WOMEN, PURCHASING POWER, RADIO, RAPE, RELIGIOUS GROUPS, RELIGIOUS LEADERS, REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN, REPRODUCTIVE DECISIONS, RIGHTS OF WOMEN, ROLE MODELS, RULE OF LAW, RURAL AREAS, RURAL WOMEN, SANITATION, SCHOOL SUPPLIES, SCHOOLING, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SELF- ASSESSMENT, SELF-ASSESSMENT, SELF-CONFIDENCE, SELF-ESTEEM, SELF-RELIANCE, SERVICE PROVISION, SEX, SEXUAL HARASSMENT, SEXUAL VIOLENCE, SITUATION OF WOMEN, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL AWARENESS, SOCIAL COHESION, SOCIAL CONDITION, SOCIAL GROUPS, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SPECIALIST, SPILLOVER, SPOUSE, STD, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TELEVISION, TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES, TRADITIONAL PRACTICES, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, URBAN COMMUNITIES, URBAN WOMEN, VIOLENCE AT HOME, WIFE, WILL, WIVES, WOMAN, WOMEN IN GOVERNMENT, WOMEN S RIGHTS, WOMEN'S ISSUES, YOUTH