Poverty and Environment : Understanding Linkages at the Household Level
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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This report seeks to present micro
evidence on how environmental changes affect poor
households. It focuses primarily on environmental resources
that are outside the private sphere, particularly commonly
held and managed resources such as forests, fisheries, and
wildlife. The objectives for this volume are three-fold. It
is first interested in using an empirical data-driven
approach to examine the dependence of the poor on natural
resources. The second objective is to examine the role of
the environment in determining health outcomes. A third area
of interest concerns the role of policy instruments and
reforms. This report uses general economics literature as
well as data collected by the World Bank and its partners to
analyze poverty-environment linkages at the household level.
Poverty-environment linkages are inherently dynamic and
involve behavioral responses that make the identification of
cause and effect difficult. Thus, questions related to these
linkages are ideally answered with the use of panel datasets
or with data from randomized experiments.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCESS TO MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, ANTENATAL CARE, ASSET HOLDINGS, ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION, BASIC SANITATION, BIODIVERSITY, BREASTFEEDING, CAUSES OF DEATH, CHILD CARE, CHILD DEATH, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORBIDITY, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATE, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, CHILD SURVIVAL, CLEAN FUELS, CLEAN WATER, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMUNITY ACTION, COMMUNITY FORESTRY, COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT, CROP YIELDS, DEBT, DECISION MAKING, DEFORESTATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISASTERS, DISCOUNT RATES, DISSEMINATION, DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS, DRINKING WATER, DURABLE GOODS, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, ECOSYSTEM, EDUCATED WOMEN, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPIRICAL RESEARCH, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL RISK, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EQUILIBRIUM, ESTIMATES OF POVERTY, EXTERNALITIES, FAMILY HEALTH, FAMILY INCOME, FARM INCOME, FARMERS, FEMALE EDUCATION, FISH, FISHERIES, FISHING, FOOD INSECURITY, FOREST COVER, FORESTRY, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH IMPACT, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH TARGETS, HIGH POPULATION GROWTH, HOUSEHOLD ASSETS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HUMAN CAPITAL, HYGIENE, ILLNESS, ILLNESSES, IMMUNIZATIONS, INCOME, INCOME-GENERATION ACTIVITIES, INDICATORS OF POVERTY, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INSURANCE, INSURANCE SCHEMES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERVENTION, IRRIGATION, LABOR COSTS, LACK OF SANITATION, LAND REFORMS, LANDHOLDINGS, LARGE POPULATIONS, LEGAL STATUS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LIVE BIRTHS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL POPULATION, LOGGING, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MALNUTRITION, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL NUTRITION, MEAT, MEDICAL RESEARCH, MEDICAL TREATMENT, MIGRANT, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RISK, NATIONAL INCOME, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL DISASTERS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEWBORNS, NUMBER OF DEATHS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLICY MAKERS, POLLUTION, POOR, POOR COMMUNITIES, POOR COUNTRIES, POOR HEALTH, POOR HOUSEHOLD, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PEOPLE, POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION GROWTH, POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY INDICATORS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION EFFORTS, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, PREGNANT WOMEN, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC INFORMATION, PUBLIC POLICY, RADIO, RAINFOREST, REFRIGERATION, REMITTANCES, RESEARCH METHODS, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESOURCE DEPLETION, RESOURCE USE, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, RESPECT, RISK FACTORS, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL POOR, SAFE DRINKING WATER, SAFE WATER, SAFETY NETS, SANITATION, SANITATION FACILITIES, SIGNIFICANT POLICY, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL SCIENCE, SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TELEVISION, TETANUS, TIMBER, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, UNSAFE SEX, URBANIZATION, USE OF RESOURCES, VENTILATION, VICTIMS, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WASTE, WASTE DISPOSAL, WILLINGNESS TO PAY, WORKERS, YOUNG CHILDREN