Priorities for Sustainable Growth : A Strategy for Agriculture Sector Development in Tajikistan
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Washington, DC
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Agriculture sector growth has made a
powerful contribution to post-war economic recovery in
Tajikistan, accounting for approximately one third of
overall economic growth from 1998 to 2004. Sector output
increased by 65 percent in real terms during this period,
and has now returned to the level extant at independence in
1990. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) has also increased, by
3 percent per year. Despite this progress, there is
legitimate concern that this growth is unsustainable.
Evidence suggests that it has been driven largely by the
external factors noted above, rather than substantive
changes to resources, incentives and the behavior of factor
and commodity markets. First, an extensive program of policy
reform, particularly in the area of land ownership, has yet
to make a substantial impact on the incentive structure for
agricultural workers cultivating the majority of arable
land. Second, sustainable growth requires positive net
investment. Third, commodity markets remain weak, with a
limited capacity to translate increased demand into improved
production incentives. And fourth, growth in crop production
has been largely driven by low value food and cereal crops.
A sustainable increase in access to rural finance will
require much greater emphasis on the development of
alternative sources of finance for all of agriculture, in
addition to resolution of the cotton debt crisis. The
capacity for agricultural loan appraisal and management also
needs to be strengthened, new collateral instruments
introduced and new loan products developed, which are suited
to agriculture in general and small-scale farmers in particular.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO CAPITAL, ACCESS TO FERTILIZER, ACCESS TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL LOANS, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL TRADE, AGRICULTURAL WORKERS, AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY, AGRICULTURE POLICIES, AGRICULTURE POLICY, AGRICULTURE SECTOR, ANIMAL BREEDING, ANIMAL HEALTH, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, ARABLE LAND, AVERAGE YIELD, BARLEY, CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS, CENTRAL PLANNING, CLEAN WATER, COLLECTIVE FARMS, COMMERCIAL BANK, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMMERCIAL FARMING, COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION, COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT, CONSUMER DEMAND, CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, CONTROL OF LAND, COTTON, COTTON PRODUCTION, COTTON SECTOR, CPI, CROP AREA, CROP PRODUCTION, CROP ROTATIONS, CROP YIELDS, CROPS, CUTTING, DEBT, DISTRIBUTION OF LAND, DIVERSIFICATION, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DOMESTIC PRICES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, ENVIRONMENTAL, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPENDITURES, EXPLOITATION, EXPORT, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORTS, EXTREME VULNERABILITY, FARM, FARM ASSOCIATIONS, FARM EQUIPMENT, FARM HOUSEHOLDS, FARM INCOME, FARM INPUTS, FARM MACHINERY, FARM MANAGEMENT, FARM OUTPUT, FARM PRODUCTION, FARM SIZE, FARM STRUCTURE, FARMER, FARMERS, FARMS, FEED, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FODDER, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD CROPS, FOOD IMPORTS, FOOD INSECURITY, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SUPPLY, FRESH FRUIT, GRAIN, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HARVESTERS, HOUSEHOLD PLOTS, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLDS, IMPACT ON POVERTY, IMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTION, IMPORTS, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME QUINTILE, INCOME REDISTRIBUTION, INPUT USE, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, IRRIGATION, LAND LEASING, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND RECLAMATION, LAND REFORM, LAND RESOURCES, LAND RIGHTS, LAND TENURE, LAND USE, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK OUTPUT, LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP, LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY, LIVESTOCK SECTOR, LIVING STANDARDS, MAJORITY OF FARMERS, MALNUTRITION, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET DEVELOPMENT, MARKET INFORMATION SYSTEMS, MARKET PRICES, MICRO-FINANCE, MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONS, MILK, MILK PRODUCTION, MINIMUM PRICE, MOBILIZATION, MOUNTAIN AREAS, NUTRITION, OIL, OILS, OVERGRAZING, PACKERS, PASTURE MANAGEMENT, PASTURES, PLOUGHS, POLICY MAKERS, POOR, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR REGION, POORER HOUSEHOLDS, POST-HARVEST LOSSES, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY POVERTY, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER, POVERTY SEVERITY, POVERTY STATUS, PRODUCER ASSOCIATIONS, PRODUCER INCENTIVES, PRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS, PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, PURCHASING POWER, QUALITY PRODUCTS, RAW MATERIAL, REDUCTION IN POVERTY, REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION, REGIONAL DIFFERENCES, REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH, REGIONAL ECONOMY, REGIONAL MARKETS, REGIONAL POLITICS, REGIONAL PROGRAMS, REGIONAL STANDARDS, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RESOURCE USE, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL CREDIT, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL FINANCE, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INCOMES, RURAL MIGRANTS, RURAL PEOPLE, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY LEVELS, RURAL POVERTY RATES, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, RURAL POVERTY STATUS, SAFETY NET, SHEEP, SMALL FARMS, SOIL EROSION, STATE FARMS, SUBSISTENCE, SUBSISTENCE FARMING, SUPERMARKETS, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, SUSTAINABLE WATER, TAX REVENUE, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRACTORS, TRADE FLOWS, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION COSTS, VEGETABLES, WAGE EMPLOYMENT, WAGE RATES, WAGES, WAR, WATER USE, WHEAT PRODUCTION, WINTER MONTHS, WORLD PRICES