Bolivia : Poverty Diagnostic 2000
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Washington, DC
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The report presents a diagnostic of
poverty, human development, and access to social
infrastructure in Bolivia, based on analytical work, to
serve as an input for the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
(PRSP). Findings suggest that poverty affects half of the
population in large cities, two thirds in other urban areas,
and eighty percent in rural areas. Nonetheless, there is
seemingly a recent decrease in inequality, although this
does not imply a long-term trend. The complex determinants
of poverty, are also increased by the fact of being from an
indigenous population, and of having a household head
unemployed, underemployed, and/or female. Since poverty
decreases with education, and employment in non-agricultural
occupations, and geography affects poverty, migration
becomes a poverty-reducing tool. A qualitative study of
farmers in the Altiplano suggest decreased rural
productivity, intensified by climatic, demographic, and
environmental pressures, with little gain from most
development projects. Hence, progress in non-monetary
indicators show that while unsatisfied basic needs fell
significantly from 1976 to 2001, the gains were mainly
achieved in urban areas, and needs remain large in rural
areas. It is suggested that this progress in basic needs
measures, lies in the increased social spending, but the
scope for reducing monetary poverty, lies in the
accessibility to public infrastructure services, in reducing
violence, and gender issues. But the impact of growth needs
further understanding, with improvements in productivity and
competitiveness, enlarged by improvements in education,
health, and nutrition, where the poor may benefit more than
the non-poor from the expansion of these services.
Palabras clave
AGED, AGGREGATE LEVEL, ANALYTICAL WORK, CHILD LABOR, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, DISCRIMINATION, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, EDUCATION PROGRAMS, EMPIRICAL WORK, EMPLOYMENT, EXTREME POVERTY, FOOD NEEDS, GIRLS, GROWTH RATE, HEADCOUNT INDEX, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH SERVICES, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, ILLITERACY, INCOME GROWTH, INCOME LEVEL, INCOME SHARE, INEQUALITY, INEQUALITY LEVELS, INFANT MORTALITY, INFORMAL SECTOR, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKETS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS, LONG TERM, MALNUTRITION, MEAN INCOME, MEASURING POVERTY, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MOTIVATION, NATIONAL LEVEL, NEGATIVE IMPACT, NUTRITION, NUTRITION PROGRAMS, PER CAPITA INCOME, PER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS, POLICY OPTIONS, POLICY POINT OF VIEW, POOR COMMUNITIES, POOR COUNTRIES, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY HEADCOUNT, POVERTY INCREASES, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY MONITORING, POVERTY PROFILES, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCING, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PRIORITY ACTIONS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRO-POOR, PRODUCTIVE SECTORS, PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC SPENDING, REDUCING POVERTY, REFORM EFFORTS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, SECONDARY SCHOOLING, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SELF-EMPLOYED INDIVIDUALS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL EXPENDITURES, SOCIAL INDICATORS, SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL SECTORS, SOCIAL SPENDING, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, URBANIZATION, VACCINATION, VIOLENCE, WORKERS, YOUTH POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY MEASUREMENT, POVERTY LINE, RURAL-URBAN DIFFERENTIALS, POVERTY ASSESSMENTS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, ANALYTICAL METHODS, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, INEQUITY, INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS, UNEMPLOYMENT, HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD, GENDER DISCREPANCIES, MIGRATION STATISTICS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, RURAL PROJECTS, GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, CLIMATIC CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURE, PROGRESS REVIEWS, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, BASIC NEEDS, SOCIAL SERVICES ACCESS, MONETARY EXPANSION, PUBLIC SPENDING, GROWTH PROMOTION, COMPETITIVENESS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, EDUCATION & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, NUTRITION & HEALTH CARE