Middle East and North Africa Regional Brief
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Washington, DC
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The process of political change and
transition across much of the Middle East and North Africa
(MENA) region continued into 2013, with a great degree of
heterogeneity across countries. The crisis in Syria has
escalated and caused massive impact on the inflow of
refugees to Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq. Creating the right
environment for growth will be critical as only growth can
drive job creation for the large numbers of unemployed,
especially young people. Recent political changes will only
be meaningful if they lead to concrete social and economic
improvements, but to date few election promises have
translated into effective policies and outcomes. Throughout
the region, unemployment rates have remained high, and in
some cases, increased as economies weakened and political
instability harmed public and foreign investments,
particularly those that support the expansion of
labor-intensive tradable activities. In the longer term,
MENA countries still face the structural problems that
predate the 'Arab Spring.' The region's main
challenge is to create sustainable growth that delivers the
quantity and quality of jobs needed. An inclusive and
competitive private sector has proven to be one of the most
effective and long-term solutions for unemployment, and will
be critical in tackling the scale of the problem in MENA.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE POVERTY, ACCOUNTABILITY, ACCOUNTABILITY MEASURES, AIR, BANKS, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BENEFICIARIES, CASH TRANSFERS, CITIZENS, CIVIL SOCIETY, CONGESTION, CURRENCY, CURRENCY DEPRECIATION, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EFFECTIVE POLICIES, EMISSIONS, EXPORTERS, EXTERNAL DEFICITS, FEMALE PARTICIPATION, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES, FOREIGN INVESTMENTS, FUEL, GENDER EQUALITY, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GOOD GOVERNANCE, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT, ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, JOB CREATION, LABOR FORCE, LOAN, LOAN PORTFOLIO, MINORITY, NATIONAL DIALOGUE, NATURAL RESOURCES, POLICY DECISIONS, POLITICAL CHANGE, POLITICAL CLIMATE, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POLITICAL RISKS, PROGRESS, PUBLIC FINANCES, PUBLIC FUNDS, REFUGEE, REFUGEES, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL PRIORITIES, REGIONAL STRATEGY, RURAL WOMEN, SAFETY, SAFETY NETS, SANITATION, SCHOOL ACCESS, SMALL ENTERPRISES, STREET PARKING, STREET PARKING MANAGEMENT, STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC CONTROL, TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, TRANSPARENCY, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN TRANSPORT, VIOLENCE, VULNERABILITY, YOUNG PEOPLE