Indigenous and Colonial Origins of Comparative Economic Development : The Case of Colonial India and Africa
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper concerns the institutional
origins of economic development, emphasizing the cases of
nineteenth-century India and Africa. Colonial
institutions-the law, western style property rights,
newspapers and statistical analysis-played an important part
in the emergence of Indian public and commercial life in the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These institutions
existed in the context of a state that was extractive and
yet dependent on indigenous cooperation in many areas,
especially in the case of the business class. In such
conditions, Indian elites were critical in creating informal
systems of peer-group education, enhancing aspiration
through the use of historicist and religious themes and in
creating a "benign sociology" of India as a
prelude to development. Indigenous ideologies and practices
were as significant in this slow enhancement of Indian
capabilities as transplanted colonial ones. Contemporary
development specialists would do well to consider the merits
of indigenous forms of association and public debate,
religious movements and entrepreneurial classes. Over much
of Asia and Africa, the most successful enhancement of
people's capabilities has come through the action of
hybrid institutions of this type.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFORMATION, AGRARIAN SOCIETY, AGRICULTURE, ANCIENT SYSTEM, ANTHROPOLOGISTS, ANTHROPOLOGY, BASIC, BENCHMARK, BEST PRACTICE, BOND, BONDS, BUSINESS COMMUNITIES, CALCULATION, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL MARKETS, CAPITALISM, CENTRALIZATION, CHECKS, CITIES, COLLECTIVE, COLLECTIVE ACTION, COLONIAL PERIOD, COLONIALISM, COMMODITY, COMPANY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPARATIVE HISTORY, CONSOLIDATION, CONTRIBUTION, CORPORATE BODIES, CORPORATE ENTERPRISE, CULTURAL PERFORMANCES, CULTURES, DECENTRALIZATION, DELTA, DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS, DEPENDENCE, DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES, DISTRICTS, DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, ECONOMETRIC MODELS, ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EXPANSION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC HISTORIANS, ECONOMIC HISTORY, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, EQUALITY, ESSAYS, ESTATES, FAMILIES, FAMILY FIRM, FAMILY STRUCTURES, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FIRST GENERATION, FRANCHISE, FREE TRADE, GDP, GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS, GROWTH RATE, HISTORIANS, HISTORICAL ANALYSIS, HISTORICAL DATA, HISTORICAL EVIDENCE, HISTORIOGRAPHY, HORN OF AFRICA, IDENTITY, INCOME, INCOME LEVELS, INCOMES, INCORPORATED, INDIGENOUS ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFERENCE, INHERITANCE, INTELLECTUAL HISTORY, INVESTIGATION, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, LABOR FORCE, LACK OF EXPERIENCE, LIMITED, LITERACY, LITERATURE, LIVING STANDARDS, MARKETING, MIDDLE AGES, MIDDLE EAST, MISSIONARIES, MONOPOLISTS, MONOPOLY, MUNICIPALITIES, MYTH, NATIONALISM, NORTH AFRICA, PERCEPTION, PHILOSOPHY, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL PARTIES, POWER, PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD, PRESERVATION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROPRIETARY, PROPRIETORSHIP, PROSPERITY, PUBLIC GOODS, RAPID DEVELOPMENT, RATE OF GROWTH, READING, RELIGION, RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY, SAHARA, SALARIES, SCHOLARSHIP, SCHOOLS, SLAVERY, SOCIAL GROUPS, SOCIAL HISTORY, SOCIAL MOVEMENTS, SOCIAL ORGANIZATION, SOCIAL PROCESSES, SOCIETIES, SOCIETY, SOCIOLOGY, SOURCES OF INCOME, STATE ACTION, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, TAXATION, TEMPLE, TOWNS, TRADITION, TRADITIONS, TRAVELS, UNION, VALUABLE, VILLAGES, WEALTH, WEALTH CREATION, WESTERN EUROPE, WORLD HISTORY, WRITERS