A Review of Extension Methodologies in Aquaculture
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Agricultural extension is now recognized as a potent and critical force in the development process. It has been defined as "a service or system which assists farm people through educational procedures in improving farming methods and techniques, increasing production efficiency and income, bettering their levels of living, and lifting the social and educational standards of rural life." (Maunder, 1973). Functions generally attributed to agricultural extension include "to communicate agricultu ral research findings and recommendations to farm people, and to bring farm people into contact with sources of practical and useful information through organized group action". Activities of extension involve "agents working with farmers to teach improved farming practices, new techniques, and more productive or more efficient technologies ... organized within a system with administrative direction and support." (Axinn, 1988). The structure, goals, strategies, and organization of any extensi on system vary with the multitude of sectoral goals and objectives of national governments. Therefore, any particular extension system reflects the underlying culture, philosophies, and priorities of the political, economic, and social environment in which it evolved. The primary objective of this document is to present and discuss alternative aquaculture extension methodologies, strategies, techniques, and organizational structures. The intent is not necessarily to provide an all-encompassin g census of extension systems, but rather to bring the principal issues to the fore. It is hoped that this document will stimulate discussion and analysis of aquaculture extension systems in different countries in the search for effective and efficient technology transfer mechanisms to further development of the aquaculture sector around the world.