Implementing the ECOWAS Common External Tariff : Challenges and Opportunities for Nigeria
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The common external tariff (CET) for
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was
adopted at a Heads of State Summit in October 2013 in Dakar.
This paper assesses the potential impact on Nigeria of
implementing the new ECOWAS CET. It uses the World
Bank's tariff reform impact simulation tool (TRIST) to
simulate three scenarios: (i) keeping in place current
import bans and levies which are charged in addition to
tariffs, while implementing the CET tariff rate on
non-banned products, (ii) removing the import bans and
implementing the CET rate on all products, but keeping the
additional import levies in place, and (iii) fully
implementing the CET on all products and completely removing
import bans and levies. The paper suggests that implementing
the CET will have significant and largely positive effects
on Nigerian consumers and producers. This note is intended
to enrich the debate by presenting projections on the likely
effects of CET implementation. To the extent possible with
the limited available data, it gives a comprehensive
overview of the effects to be expected on government
revenue, the welfare of consumers, and the performance of
Nigerian firms. It also discusses new opportunities for
Nigerian firms to benefit from the regional market that are
likely to arise if the CET is implemented. The note is
organized as follows: section one gives introduction.
Section two describes Nigeria's current trade profile
with a particular focus on trade with the ECOWAS region.
Section three makes use of the World Bank's TRIST to
analyze the impact of implementing the CET in Nigeria in
terms of changes in the level of protection by industry,
government revenue from taxes levied at the border, consumer
welfare, and the competitiveness of Nigerian firms. Section
four shifts the focus beyond Nigeria's borders to look
at the regional market within ECOWAS.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, AD VALOREM, ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, APPAREL, APPAREL INDUSTRIES, APPLICATION OF STANDARDS, AVERAGE TARIFF, BARRIERS TO TRADE, BORDER TRADE, CAPITAL GOODS, CASE-BY-CASE BASIS, COLLECTED TARIFF, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVENESS, CROSS-BORDER TRADE, CROSS-BORDER TRANSACTIONS, CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION, CUSTOMS CLEARANCE, CUSTOMS DUTIES, CUSTOMS MODERNIZATION, CUSTOMS REGIME, CUSTOMS UNION, CUSTOMS UNIONS, DEMAND ELASTICITY, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC PRICE, DOMESTIC PRICES, DOMESTIC PRODUCERS, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, EQUILIBRIUM, EQUIPMENT, EXPORT MARKET, EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES, EXPORT PERFORMANCE, EXPORTER, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, EXTERNAL TARIFF, FOOD INDUSTRY, FOREIGN CAPITAL, FOREIGN COMPETITION, FOREIGN MARKETS, FREE ACCESS, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AREA, FREE TREATMENT, GDP, GLOBAL MARKET, GLOBAL MARKETS, GLOBAL TRADE, GOVERNMENT REVENUE, HIGH DUTIES, HIGH TRADE BARRIERS, HOME MARKET, HUMAN RESOURCE, IMPACT OF TRADE, IMPORT BANS, IMPORT DATA, IMPORT LICENSES, IMPORT PROHIBITION, IMPORT PROHIBITIONS, IMPORT TARIFF, IMPORT TARIFFS, IMPORTED PRODUCTS, IMPORTING COUNTRY, IMPORTS, INCOME LEVELS, INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS, INEFFICIENCY, INEQUALITY, INSTRUMENT, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, LABOR MARKET, LEVIES, LEVY, LIVING STANDARD, MICRO ENTERPRISES, MONETARY FUND, NON-TARIFF BARRIERS, POLICY PRIORITIES, POLICY RESEARCH, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POSITIVE EFFECTS, PREFERENTIAL MARGIN, PREFERENTIAL MARKET ACCESS, PRICE CHANGES, PRICE INCREASES, PRICE LEVELS, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROFIT MARGIN, PROFIT MARGINS, PROFITABILITY, PROTECTIVE MEASURES, REAL INCOME, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL TRADE, REGIONALISM, REMEDIAL MEASURES, RULES OF ORIGIN, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, TARIFF BARRIERS, TARIFF CHANGES, TARIFF EXEMPTIONS, TARIFF LEVELS, TARIFF PROTECTION, TARIFF RATE, TARIFF RATES, TARIFF REFORM, TARIFF REVENUE, TARIFF REVENUES, TARIFF STRUCTURE, TARIFF TREATMENT, TAX, TAX REVENUES, TERMS OF TRADE, TEXTILE INDUSTRY, TOTAL REVENUE, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE CHANNELS, TRADE DATA, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE FLOWS, TRADE INTEGRATION, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE MODEL, TRADE OPENNESS, TRADE POLICY, TRADE POLICY REFORM, TRADE REFORMS, TRADE REGIME, TRADE REGULATIONS, TRADE RELATIONSHIPS, TRADE TAXES, TRADING, VALUE OF EXPORTS, WAGES, WELFARE OF CONSUMERS, WORLD MARKET, ZERO TARIFFS