Food Price Increases in South Asia : National Responses and Regional Dimensions
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World Bank
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Food price inflation not only threatens
macroeconomic stability but also decreases the welfare
levels of most households, especially the poorer ones, for
whom food consumption constitutes a relatively large share
of total expenditures. This report analyzes the causes and
effects of food price inflation in South Asia during the
period 2007?08 and beyond; simulates the impact of food
price increases on household welfare and the potential of
adjustments in consumer and producer behavior for mitigating
the negative impact on welfare; and assesses the potential
impact of regional trade liberalization on food prices. The
appendixes describe the policy reactions of individual
governments to the increases in food prices against the
background of their respective domestic food policies. The
focus is on wheat and rice, which are the main food staples
in South Asia and together account for an important part of
food expenditures of the poor. By analyzing the
household?level impacts of the food crisis and taking stock
of the policy responses of national governments, including
their regional dimensions, the report allows lessons to be
drawn regarding the policies that South Asian governments
may want to follow to enable them to react appropriately in
case another food crisis unfolds, while at the same time
helping to prevent such a crisis from occurring.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRICE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, BANK MANAGEMENT, BEEF, BREAD, BUTTER, CENTRAL BANK, CEREAL CROPS, CEREAL IMPORTS, CEREAL PRICE, CEREAL PRICES, CEREALS, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMMODITY PRICES, CONSUMER PRICE, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, CONSUMER PRICE INDICES, CONSUMER PRICES, CONSUMERS, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER, DAIRY, DATA AVAILABILITY, DEMAND GROWTH, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DOMESTIC PRICE, DOMESTIC PRICES, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ECONOMIC CRISIS, EDIBLE OILS, ENERGY PRICES, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPENDITURE, EXPENDITURES, EXPORTS, FOOD AID, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD CROPS, FOOD DISTRIBUTION, FOOD FOR WORK, FOOD GRAINS, FOOD IMPORTS, FOOD INSECURITY, FOOD POLICIES, FOOD POLICY, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, FOOD PRICE, FOOD PRICE INFLATION, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SHORTAGES, FOOD STAPLES, FOOD SUPPLIES, FOOD SUPPLY, FOODGRAINS, FOODS, FREE TRADE, FUTURES, GRAIN RESERVES, GRAINS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH RATES, HEDGE FUNDS, IFPRI, INCOME, INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME LEVELS, INCOMES, INFLATION RATE, INFLATION RATES, INFLATIONARY PRESSURE, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, LIBERALIZATION, LIVING STANDARDS, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MAIZE, MARKET CONDITIONS, MARKET FAILURE, MARKET PRICE, MARKET PRICES, MEAT, MONETARY POLICIES, MORTGAGE, MUTUAL FUNDS, NOMINAL INCOME, OUTPUTS, PADDY, PALM OIL, PESTICIDES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PORK, PRICE CHANGE, PRICE CHANGES, PRICE ELASTICITY, PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND, PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY, PRICE INCENTIVES, PRICE INCREASE, PRICE INCREASES, PRICE INDEX, PRICE POLICIES, PRICE VARIATION, PRICE VOLATILITY, PRICING POLICIES, PRICING POLICY, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROTECTIONISM, PURCHASING, PURCHASING POWER, REAL GDP, REAL INCOME, REGIONAL TRADE, RESERVE BANK, RETAIL, RETAIL PRICE, RICE, RICE MARKETING, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SALES, SAVINGS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOYBEAN, SOYBEANS, SPOT PRICES, STATE BANK, STOCK MANAGEMENT, STOCK MARKETS, STOCKS, SUBSTITUTE, SUBSTITUTES, SUGAR, SUPPLY ELASTICITY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TARIFF BARRIERS, TAX, TAX CREDIT, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRANSACTION COSTS, UNDERLYING PROBLEMS, WAGE RATES, WAGES, WFP, WHEAT, WHEAT FLOUR, WHOLESALE PRICES, WORLD FOOD PROGRAM, WORLD MARKET, WORLD MARKETS, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO