FAO - Nutrition country profiles: Iran
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The Islamic Republic of Iran is a predominantly agricultural country. As a result of effective population policies and programmes and socio-economic and cultural changes during the last few decades, the population growth rate has had a downward trend; the rate is now 1.4% and the population about 66 million. The Human Development Index, which was 0.642 in 1988, is presently 0.715 (Table 1). According to a 1995 survey, the prevalences of moderate+severe underweight, stunting, and wasting in under -five year children were 15.7%, 18.9%, and 6.6%, respectively, which decreased to 10.9%, 15.9%, and 4.9% by 1997, when the prevalence of overweight was 4.3%. Provincial and urbanrural variations are considerable (Table 4a). Generally, malnutrition is more prevalent in villages; it is most prevalent in the south and south-east and least prevalent in the north (Map 2, Map 3 & Map 4). The peak is in the second year of life, and the average growth rate slows down after 6 months of age in many cases, probably due to late introduction of non-milk foods. Contributing factors to malnutrition are a low socio-economic status, a low health and nutritional awareness, inadequate access to food, and insufficient access to heath services; the relative weights of these factors vary considerably in different parts of the country.