Trade and Human Capital Accumulation : Evidence from U.S. Immigrants
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This study provides empirical evidence
that trade increases on-the-job human capital accumulation
by estimating the effect of home country openness on
estimated returns to home country experience of U.S.
immigrants. The positive effect of trade on on-the-job human
capital accumulation remains significant when controlling
for GDP, educational attainment, and institutional quality.
It is not the result of self-selection, heterogeneity in
returns to experience, English-speaking origin, or cultural
background. The effect persists when restricting the sample
to non-OECD countries, thereby resolving the theoretical
ambiguity of whether trade increases or decreases
learning-by-doing. The role of trade in generating economic
growth is therefore likely to be more important than
generally considered.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE VALUE, ADVANCED COUNTRIES, AGRICULTURE, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CENSUSES, CITIZENS, COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN, COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS, COUNTRY DATA, COUNTRY EXPERIENCE, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, CROSS-COUNTRY DATA, DATA SET, DEPENDENT VARIABLE, DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, DEVELOPED ECONOMIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DOWNWARD BIAS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPIRICAL LITERATURE, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, EXPECTED, EXPLANATORY VARIABLE, EXPLANATORY VARIABLES, EXPORTS, EXTERNALITIES, FREE TRADE, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HIGH CORRELATION, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMMIGRANT, IMMIGRANTS, IMMIGRATION, INCOME, JOB SEARCH, JOBS, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS, LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE, LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS, LABOR MARKET REGULATION, LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS, LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, MIGRATION, NATURAL LOGARITHM, NEGATIVE SIGN, OLDER WORKERS, ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OPEN ECONOMIES, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POSITIVE CORRELATION, POSITIVE EFFECT, PRODUCING GOODS, PRODUCT MARKET, PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES, PROGRESS, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, REAL GDP, REGIONAL DUMMIES, RELATIVE DEMAND, RELATIVE WAGES, RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS, RETURNS, RICHER COUNTRIES, SCHOOL QUALITY, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SKILL-BIASED TECHNOLOGIES, SKILLED LABOR, SPILLOVER, SPOUSE, TEACHER RATIO, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRAINING COSTS, UNSKILLED WORKERS, WAGE INEQUALITY, WAGE LEVEL, WAGE RATE, WAGES, WORKER, WORKERS, YOUNG WORKERS