Regional Imbalances, Horizontal Inequalities, and Violent Conflicts

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dc.creatorLanger, Arnim
dc.creatorStewart, Frances
dc.date2015-08-19T19:09:18Z
dc.date2015-08-19T19:09:18Z
dc.date2015
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:49:26Z
dc.descriptionHorizontal inequalities (HIs) within a country, or inequalities among groups, have been shown to be an important source of violent conflict. Relevant group categorizations include religion, ethnicity, and region. HIs can also be measured in different ways. Ethnicity, language, religion, race, and region are examples of potentially relevant and salient group categorizations. In this paper the authors will review the prevailing HIs and their management in four West African countries - Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, and Nigeria. The report provides some basic facts about these four countries, which vary greatly in area, per capita income, poverty, child mortality rates, and other features. In terms of ethnoreligious demography, it is important to note that all four countries have a highly diverse ethnic population, and three of the four (Ghana, Nigeria, and Cote d’Ivoire) have substantial Christian and Muslim populations. Each of the case study countries has had a relatively turbulent and complex political history in recent decades. The four case study countries present instructive examples of the possible (mis)management of HIs. In this paper the authors analyze the evolution and management of the prevailing HIs in each of the four cases. Section one gives introduction. Section two presents evidence on the evolution and current state of HIs in each country. Section three analyzes the main causes of the prevailing HIs, while section four focuses on the governments’ attitudes, policies, and measures toward HIs. Section five discusses the links between the HIs observed and the political outcomes. Section six draws some conclusions and makes policy recommendations for improved management of HIs in multiethnic developing countries generally, and specifically in four case study countries.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/08/24921177/
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/22514
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/22514
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/411555
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectRELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectPOPULATION CENSUSES
dc.subjectSUBSISTENCE
dc.subjectREGIONAL TERMS
dc.subjectFORMAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectLACK OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTION
dc.subjectPOOR COMMUNITIES
dc.subjectREGIONAL POLITICS
dc.subjectPOVERTY LEVELS
dc.subjectSCHOOLING
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATES
dc.subjectREGIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectETHNIC GROUPS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectHOUSING
dc.subjectNATIONAL POVERTY
dc.subjectETHNIC GROUP
dc.subjectOIL- PRODUCING REGION
dc.subjectREGIONAL POLICIES
dc.subjectINDIVIDUAL MEMBERS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPERS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT “PLAN
dc.subjectREGION
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
dc.subjectREGIONAL POVERTY
dc.subjectPOPULATION CENSUS
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectREGIONAL ASPECTS
dc.subjectCASH CROPS
dc.subjectREGIONAL PLANS
dc.subjectREGIONAL IMBALANCES
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL POWER
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectLAND RIGHTS
dc.subjectCASH INCOME
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectMORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectLAND OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectFOOD AID
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectREGIONAL BALANCE
dc.subjectREGIONAL DISPARITIES
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectFOOD SECURITY
dc.subjectACCESS TO JOBS
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectPOLICIES
dc.subjectPOLITICAL TURMOIL
dc.subjectREGIONALISM
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
dc.subjectCORE REGION
dc.subjectETHNIC CONFLICT
dc.subjectREDUCTION IN POVERTY
dc.subjectREGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectREGIONAL DIMENSIONS
dc.subjectSUBSISTENCE CROPS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION OF CASH CROPS
dc.subjectREGIONAL TARGETS
dc.subjectREGIONAL DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectMEDICAL SERVICES
dc.subjectSPATIAL INEQUALITY
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITY
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectFAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectRURAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectNOMADIC POPULATIONS
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY
dc.subjectDISADVANTAGED GROUPS
dc.subjectMALNUTRITION
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL CROPS
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectPOPULATIONS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectPOVERTY TARGET
dc.subjectPOLICY
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectREGIONAL IMPACT
dc.subjectSOCIAL CAPITAL
dc.subjectACCESS TO ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectREGIONAL DIMENSION
dc.subjectHUMAN RIGHTS
dc.subjectSOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectREGIONS
dc.subjectWAR
dc.subjectIRRIGATION
dc.subjectREGIONAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPOVERTY
dc.subjectREGIONAL DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectCOASTAL REGION
dc.subjectINTERNAL MIGRATION
dc.subjectABSOLUTE TERMS
dc.subjectINCIDENCE OF POVERTY
dc.subjectPOPULATION
dc.subjectREGIONAL DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectSOCIAL INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectDECLINE IN POVERTY
dc.subjectREGIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectREGIONAL DISPARITY
dc.subjectREGIONAL LOCATION
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATE
dc.subjectWOMEN
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectREGIONAL CONFLICTS
dc.subjectOIL-PRODUCING REGIONS
dc.subjectCENTRAL REGION
dc.subjectCENTRAL REGIONS
dc.subjectDELTA REGION
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectREGIONAL INEQUALITY
dc.subjectREGIONAL INEQUALITIES
dc.titleRegional Imbalances, Horizontal Inequalities, and Violent Conflicts
dc.titleInsights from Four West African Countries
dc.typeReport
dc.typeRapport
dc.typeInforme

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