Education and Wage Differentials in the Philippines

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dc.creatorLuo, Xubei
dc.creatorTerada, Takanobu
dc.date2012-03-19T19:13:46Z
dc.date2012-03-19T19:13:46Z
dc.date2009-11-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:02:14Z
dc.descriptionIn the Philippines, an important part of income inequality is associated with the wage difference between the less educated and the better educated. The majority of the least educated are employed in low-paid services jobs and the agricultural sector. Tertiary education is to a large extent a prerequisite for high-paid occupations. Using the Labor Force Survey 2003-2007, this paper examines disparities in human capital endowment, returns to education, and the role of education in wage differentials in the Philippines. The empirical results show that returns to education monotonically increase - workers with elementary education, secondary education, and tertiary education earn 10 percent, 40 percent, and 100 percent more than those with no education. The results also show that education is the single most important factor that contributes to wage differentials. At the national level, education accounts for about 30 percent of the difference in wages. It accounts for a higher percentage of the difference for female workers (37 percent) than male workers (24 percent). There are also differences across regions and sectors. As an economy develops, the demand for skills increases. In the Philippines, efforts to improve education to increase the supply of highly educated people are important not only for long-term growth, but also for helping to translate growth into more equal opportunities for the children of the current generation.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091110082638
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/4312
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5120
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/414515
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5120
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectACHIEVEMENTS IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectAGE GROUP
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL WORKERS
dc.subjectCOLLEGE DEGREE
dc.subjectDAILY EARNINGS
dc.subjectDAILY WAGE
dc.subjectDECOMPOSITION METHODOLOGY
dc.subjectECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectEDUCATION POLICY
dc.subjectELEMENTARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectELEMENTARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectEMPLOYEE
dc.subjectENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subjectEQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectFEMALE WORKERS
dc.subjectGROSS ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectGROSS ENROLLMENT RATE
dc.subjectGROSS ENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subjectHIGH SCHOOL
dc.subjectHIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA
dc.subjectHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectHIGH WAGE
dc.subjectHIGHER EDUCATION
dc.subjectHIGHLY EDUCATED PEOPLE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL EARNINGS
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subjectINVESTMENT IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectJOB OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectJOBS
dc.subjectLABOR ECONOMICS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET PARTICIPANTS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectLABORERS
dc.subjectLEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLOW EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectMALE COUNTERPARTS
dc.subjectMALE WORKER
dc.subjectMALE WORKERS
dc.subjectOCCUPATION
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONS
dc.subjectOLDER AGE GROUP
dc.subjectPAPERS
dc.subjectPERFORMANCE INDICATORS
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectREAL WAGE
dc.subjectREGIONAL AVERAGE
dc.subjectREGIONAL DIFFERENCE
dc.subjectRETURNS TO EDUCATION
dc.subjectSCHOOL CERTIFICATE
dc.subjectSCHOOL EDUCATION
dc.subjectSCHOOLING
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSELF-EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectTERTIARY ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectUNIVERSITY EDUCATION
dc.subjectUNIVERSITY GRADUATES
dc.subjectUNSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectWAGE DETERMINATION
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIAL
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectWAGE DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectWAGE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectWAGE GAP
dc.subjectWAGE INCREASES
dc.subjectWAGE INEQUALITY
dc.subjectWAGE LEVEL
dc.subjectWAGE PREMIUM
dc.subjectWAGE RATE
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWORKER
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORKING HOURS
dc.titleEducation and Wage Differentials in the Philippines

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