Economic Implications of Chronic Illness and Disability : In Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union
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Washington, DC : World Bank
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This report aims to fill in the
knowledge gap in this field by analyzing cross-country data
on basic indicators, and by carrying out more detailed
empirical analysis on causal relationships of interest,
including the impact of disability on employment, wages,
poverty, and children's school enrollments-focusing on
four transition countries with household survey data sets
that allow more elaborate econometric analyses. This report
argues that it is timely to bring the economic costs of
disability to the forefront of development policy because of
the large impact poor health status and disabilities have on
employment, poverty, children's schooling, and time
spent in caring for disabled individuals, especially by
adult females (which in turn inhibits higher female labor
force participation prospectus). In recent years, there has
been some recognition of the need to discuss disability
issues in strategy documents such as poverty reduction
strategy papers (PRSPs) and country assistance strategies
(CASs). But in the absence of basic empirical evidence on
the living conditions and behavior of disabled individuals,
it is a challenge to formulate concrete steps to tackle this
particular economic development problem.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, ACCIDENTS, ACCUMULATION MODEL, ADEQUATE HEALTH CARE, ADMINISTRATIVE DATA, ADULTS WITH DISABILITIES, AGED, AGING, AGING POPULATIONS, ALCOHOL ABUSE, BASIC EDUCATION, BENEFICIARIES, BLIND, CALCULATIONS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, CAUSES OF DISABILITY, CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, CHRONIC CONDITION, CHRONIC CONDITIONS, CHRONIC DISEASE, CONTRIBUTIONS, DEAF, DECISION MAKING, DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEPRESSION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DIRECT COSTS, DISABILITIES, DISABILITY, DISABILITY BENEFITS, DISABILITY GROUP, DISABILITY INSURANCE, DISABILITY ISSUES, DISABLED, DISABLED ADULTS, DISABLED CHILDREN, DISABLED EMPLOYEES, DISABLED INDIVIDUAL, DISABLED INDIVIDUALS, DISABLED PEOPLE, DISABLED PERSON, DISABLED PERSONS, DISABLED POPULATION, DISABLED POPULATIONS, DISADVANTAGED GROUP, DISCRIMINATION, DISSEMINATION, EARLY INTERVENTIONS, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC COSTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, EDUCATED INDIVIDUALS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, ELDERLY, EMPLOYMENT LEGISLATION, EMPLOYMENT OF THE DISABLED, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT POLICIES, EPILEPSY, EXCLUSION, EXTENDED FAMILY, FAMILY MEMBERS, FEMALE CHILDREN, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATES, FERTILITY TRANSITION, FINANCES, GENDER, GENDER GAP, GENDER GAP IN SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS, GENERAL POPULATION, HANDICAP, HANDICAPPED, HEALTH BEHAVIOR, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH FOR ALL, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INSURANCE FUNDS, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEARING, HEARING AID, HEARING AIDS, HOME CARE, HOSPITAL, HOUSEHOLD ASSETS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILLNESS, ILLNESSES, INCLUSION, INCOME, INDIRECT COSTS, INDIVIDUAL HEALTH, INJURIES, INSURANCE SCHEMES, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, INTERVENTION, IODINE DEFICIENCY, JOBS, KNOWLEDGE BASE, KNOWLEDGE GAP, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR SUPPLY, LEGAL STATUS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIFE STAGES, LIMITED RESOURCES, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARD, LIVING STANDARDS, LOST INCOME, LOW-INCOME, MALE PARTICIPATION, MALNUTRITION, MARKET CONDITIONS, MARKET ECONOMY, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICINES, MENTAL, MENTAL DISABILITIES, MENTAL DISABILITY, MENTAL HEALTH, MENTAL RETARDATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATE, MOVEMENT, MOVEMENTS, NEW JOBS, OLD-AGE, OLDER CHILDREN, PENSION, PENSIONS, PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENT, PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENTS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POOR HEALTH, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR INDIVIDUALS, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PROBABILITIES, PROBABILITY, PRODUCTIVE AGES, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY, PUBLIC SERVICES, QUALITY EDUCATION, QUALITY OF CARE, QUALITY OF LIFE, QUESTIONNAIRE, REHABILITATION, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS, RESPECT, RESPONSIBILITIES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL RESIDENTS, SCHOOL BUILDINGS, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SELF-CARE, SENIOR, SERVICE DELIVERY, SEVERANCE PAY, SEVERE DISABILITY, SEVERITY OF DISABILITY, SEVERITY OF THE DISABILITY, SEX, SEX EDUCATION, SIGHT, SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT, SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENTS, SMOKING, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL INTEGRATION, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SCIENCE, SOCIETIES, SOCIETY, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRUE COSTS, TV, TYPE OF WORK, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, URBAN AREAS, URBANIZATION, VALUABLE, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WAGE, WAGES, WAR, WHEELCHAIR, WHEELCHAIRS, WORK INCOMES, WORKERS, WORKING AGE, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, WORTH