Tragedy revisited

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dc.creatorBoyd, R.
dc.creatorRicherson, P. J.
dc.creatorMeinzen-Dick, Ruth S.
dc.creatorMoor, T. de
dc.creatorJackson, M.O.
dc.creatorGjerde, K.M.
dc.creatorHarden-Davies, Harriet
dc.creatorFrischmann, B.M.
dc.creatorMadison, M.J.
dc.creatorStrandburg, K.J.
dc.creatorMcLean, A.R.
dc.creatorDye, C.
dc.date2018-12-14
dc.date2019-05-16T15:38:10Z
dc.date2019-05-16T15:38:10Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T14:57:37Z
dc.description“Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all.” So argued ecologist Garrett Hardin in “The Tragedy of the Commons” in the 13 December 1968 issue of Science (1). Hardin questioned society's ability to manage shared resources and avoid an environmentally and socially calamitous free-for-all. In the 50 years since, the essay has influenced discussions ranging from climate change (see page 1217) to evolution, from infectious disease to the internet, and has reached far beyond academic literature—but not without criticism. Considerable work, notably by Nobelist Elinor Ostrom (2), has challenged Hardin, particularly his emphasis on property rights and government regulatory leviathans as solutions. Instead, research has documented contexts, cases, and principles that reflect the ability of groups to collectively govern common resources. To mark this anniversary and celebrate the richness of research and practice around commons and cooperation, Science invited experts to share some contemporary views on such tragedies and how to avert them. —Brad Wible
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/101286
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/90538
dc.languageen
dc.publisherAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceBoyd, R.; Richerson, P. J.; Meinzen-Dick, R.; De Moor, T.; Jackson, M. O.; Gjerde, K. M.; Harden-Davies, H.; Frischmann, B. M.; Madison, M. J.; Strandburg, K. J.; McLean, A. R.; Dye, C. 2018. Tragedy revisited. Science. 362:(6420)1236-1241 doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw0911
dc.subjectresistance to antibiotics
dc.subjectnatural resources
dc.subjectcollective behaviour
dc.subjectwater
dc.subjectcommons
dc.subjectnatural resources management
dc.subjectirrigation
dc.subjectexperimental design
dc.subjectcommon lands
dc.subjectresilience
dc.subjectbehavioral experiments
dc.titleTragedy revisited
dc.typeJournal Article

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Instituto Internacional de Investigación sobre Políticas Alimentarias (IFPRI)