Forest invasive species in the NENA Region
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The forest sector in the NENA region has similar ecological, social and economic contexts and functions. The NENA region is particularly vulnerable to climate change and, the climate is predicted to become even hotter and drier. Insect pests, pathogens and invasive plants can cause major damages in these ecosystems. The dieback of forest trees was caused by pests (insects and pathogens) and affects conifers<i>, </i>oak<i> </i>and Eucalypt species<i>. Cedrus libani </i>and <i>Abies cilicica</i> in Lebanon were affected by <i>Cephalcia tannourinensis.</i> <i>Cedrus atlantica</i> forests in Algeria and Morocco was affected by <i>Thaumetopoea pityocampa</i> and <i>T. bonjeani</i>. The fungus <i>Cylindrocladium buxicola</i> caused Boxwood Blight <i>Buxus hyrcana</i> in Iran. <i>Juniperus procera</i> in Saudi Arabia was mainly affected by fungal species, about 21 species belonging to 12 genera associated with roots and twigs were identified.<i> </i>The conifer seed bug,<i> Leptoglossus occidentalis</i> was detected on <i>Pinus pinea</i>,<i> P. pinaster, P. brutia </i>and <i>P. halepensis</i> in Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia. <i>Eucalyptus</i> spp. of North Africa, Lebanon, Syria and Iran countries are threatened by <i>Phoracantha semipunctata</i>, <i>P. recurva</i>, <i>Leptocybe invasa</i>, <i>Ophelimus maskelli</i> and <i>Glycaspis brimblecombei.</i> In Sudan, dieback on <i>Acacia nilotica</i> was caused by silting and Roots rot belonging to <i>Phytophtora</i>, <i>Pythium</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia</i> genus. <i>Deudorix livia</i> was detected in Tunisia on <i>Acacia</i> <i>farnesiana. </i>Recently, the awful cochineal <i>Dactylopius opuntiae</i> was detected on <i>Opuntia ficus-indica</i> in Lebanon, Morocco, Jordan and Palestine. Besides these pests, the NENA region suffer from invasive plant species (trees, shrubs, herbaceous). Seventeen species were detected in Algeria, Yemen, Syria, Sudan, Saudi Arabia and Lebanon.<b> </b>To protect the forest against invasive species and to elaborate a specific standard approach for monitoring and management, the network in the NENA region should be standardized and the regional cooperation should be improved.
Keywords: Climate change, Adaptive and integrated management, Biodiversity conservation, Agriculture, Landscape management
ID: 3623155