Household opportunity costs of protecting and developing forest lands in Son La and Hoa Binh Provinces, Vietnam

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dc.creatorLan, Le Ngoc
dc.creatorWichelns, Dennis
dc.creatorMilan, Florence M.
dc.creatorHoanh, Chu Thai
dc.creatorDuy Phuong, Nguyen
dc.date2016
dc.date2016-11-28T15:55:09Z
dc.date2016-11-28T15:55:09Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T14:34:53Z
dc.descriptionVietnam has pilot-tested a payment for forest environmental services (PFES) program in an effort to restore and protect forest areas, some of which have been severely degraded by the excessive cutting of trees by small-scale farmers planting annual crops on steep, sloping lands. The pilot program implemented in southern Vietnam seems to be successful, yet the program in northern Vietnam has not produced the desired rates of planting and maintaining forest areas. The reasons for these mixed results include differences in socio-economic characteristics and also the production and marketing opportunities available to rural households in the project areas. To gain insight regarding program participation, we examine the household-level opportunity costs of planting and -maintaining small plots of forest trees in northern Vietnam. We find that small-scale farmers in Hoa Binh Province, with limited financial resources, prefer the annual revenue stream provided by crops such as maize and cassava, rather than waiting for 7 years to obtain revenue from a forest planting. Farmers in Son La Province, with limited access to markets, prefer annual crops because they are not able to sell bamboo shoots and other forest products harvested from their small plots. In both provinces, the payments offered for planting and maintaining forest trees are smaller than the opportunity costs of planting and harvesting annual crops. Thus, most households likely would choose not to participate in the PFES program, at current payment rates, if given the opportunity to decline.
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/78055
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/82305
dc.languageen
dc.publisherUopen Journals
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceLan, L. N., Wichelns, D., Milan, F., Hoanh, C. T., & Phuong, N. D. (2016). Household opportunity costs of protecting and developing forest lands in Son La and Hoa Binh Provinces, Vietnam. International Journal of the Commons, 10(2), 902. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.620
dc.subjectbamboos
dc.subjectcassava
dc.subjectfeasibility studies
dc.subjectmaize
dc.subjectsmallholders
dc.subjectagricultural economics
dc.subjectbambúes
dc.subjectmandioca
dc.subjectestudios de factibilidad
dc.subjectmaíz
dc.subjecteconomía agrícola
dc.subjectopportunity costs
dc.subjecthousehold expenditure
dc.subjectforest land use
dc.subjectforest management
dc.subjectforest protection
dc.subjectpayment agreements
dc.subjectservices
dc.subjectplanting
dc.subjectfarmers
dc.subjectecosystem services
dc.titleHousehold opportunity costs of protecting and developing forest lands in Son La and Hoa Binh Provinces, Vietnam
dc.typeJournal Article

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Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)