Work History and the Access to Contributory Pensions in Uruguay : Some Facts and Policy Options
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Incomplete and highly fragmented work
histories threaten to leave many contributors of the pension
schemes in Latin America without the minimum pension
guarantee or even without access to the ordinary pension. We
propose a methodology to assess this risk, identify
vulnerable groups and study potential determinants of the
history of contributions using information from the work
history records of the social security institutions. We
apply this methodology to the largest social security
institution of Uruguay, the Banco de Previsión Social, and
show that the majority of contributors to this institution
might not comply with the minimum number of years of
contribution that is currently required to access an
ordinary pension when they reach the retirement age.
Palabras clave
AGED WORKERS, AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT, AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, AVERAGE WAGE, BANK LENDING, BASIC NEEDS, BENEFIT FORMULA, BULLETIN, BUSINESS CYCLE, CHILD LABOR, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMPLICATIONS, CONTRACT LABOR, DEMOGRAPHIC, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, DEPOSIT, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DISABILITY, DISPLACED WORKERS, DOMESTIC WORKERS, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC THEORY, ECONOMICS, ELDERLY, EMPLOYMENT RATES, FAMILY INCOME, FAMILY MEMBERS, FIRM SIZE, FOOD PRICES, FUND MANAGERS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GLOBALIZATION, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HIGHER-INCOME WORKERS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IMMIGRANTS, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME GROUP, INCOME SECURITY, INCOME SUPPORT, INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS, INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS, INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INSTITUTION BUILDING, INSURANCE POLICIES, INVENTORY, JOB CREATION, JOB LOSS, JOB SECURITY, JOBS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR INCOME, LABOR LAWS, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR MARKET POLICIES, LABOR MIGRATION, LABOR REGULATION, LABOR REGULATIONS, LABOR SUPPLY, MANDATED BENEFITS, MARKET TRENDS, MATERNITY LEAVE, MIGRANTS, MONTHLY CONTRIBUTIONS, MORAL HAZARD, MORAL HAZARD PROBLEM, MOTIVATION, MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA, NORMAL RETIREMENT AGE, NORMAL RETIREMENT AGES, NUMBER OF WORKERS, OCCUPATIONS, OLD AGE, OLD MEN, OLD-AGE, OLD-AGE PENSION, PENSION, PENSION BENEFIT, PENSION COVERAGE, PENSION POLICIES, PENSION PROGRAM, PENSION PROGRAMS, PENSION REFORM, PENSION RIGHTS, PENSION SCHEME, PENSION SCHEMES, PENSION SYSTEM, PENSION SYSTEM REFORMS, PENSION SYSTEMS, PENSIONERS, PENSIONS, PERSONAL INFORMATION, PERSONAL PENSIONS, POLICE FORCE, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY REGIME, POLICY RESEARCH, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL RISK, POLITICAL RISKS, POLITICAL SYSTEM, PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE, PRELIMINARY RESULTS, PREVIOUS SECTION, PREVIOUS STUDIES, PREVIOUS STUDY, PREVIOUS WORK, PRIVATE PARTICIPATION, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS, PUBLIC SYSTEM, REGULAR JOBS, REPLACEMENT RATE, REPLACEMENT RATES, RETIREMENT, RETIREMENT AGE, RETIREMENT AGES, RETIREMENT DECISION, RETIREMENT PROGRAM, RETIREMENT PROGRAMS, RETIREMENT SYSTEM, RIGHTS OF PERSONS, RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES, RURAL WORKERS, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SAVINGS, SAVINGS ACCOUNTS, SEASONAL WORKERS, SECURITY RISK, SERVANTS, SEX, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL FUND, SOCIAL FUNDS, SOCIAL INCLUSION, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL PENSIONS, SOCIAL POLICIES, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SAFETY NET, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS, SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM, SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM, SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS, SURVIVAL ANALYSIS, TAX, TRANSITION COUNTRIES, TURNOVER, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED WORKERS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, VOLATILITY, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WAGES, WORKER, WORKERS, WORKING POPULATION, YOUNG WORKERS, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT, YOUTH LABOR