Albania - The New Growth Agenda : A Country Economic Memorandum
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
World Bank
Resumen
Descripción
Since 1998 Albania has experienced an
important transformation that has lifted it into the ranks
of upper middle income countries and has allowed a sharp
reduction in poverty. Growth averaged more than 6 percent
per year between 1998 and 2010, the best performance in
Europe. This helped to reduce absolute poverty by half, with
the headcount rate falling from 25 percent of the population
in 2002 to 12 percent in 2008. The recent period of global
turmoil has dampened growth somewhat but not as sharply as
in many other countries. These challenges suggest the need
for a 'new growth agenda' and this is the central
topic of the report. The report is organized into four
chapters. Chapter one gives a macroeconomic overview,
examines the potential vulnerabilities of the economy and
proposes measures for maintaining macro-financial stability
of the economy. It further elaborates the growth challenges
Albania faces as newly arrived upper middle income country.
Chapter two describes the human capital needs of the new
growth agenda and focuses on education and skills. Chapter
three examines the backbone infrastructure, while the final
chapter addresses the investment climate and factors
influencing the return on investment. The report provides a
diagnosis of some of the key factors likely to drive future
growth but without recommending specific products or areas
for private investment. The report argues instead that the
role of the government in this process is that of
facilitator, removing the obstacles to investment and
helping to provide information and institutions that private
firms require to flourish.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTANT, ACCOUNTING, AGGREGATE DEMAND, AGRICULTURE, ARREARS, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY, BAILOUT, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BALANCE SHEETS, BANK SUPERVISION, BANKING SECTOR, BANKING SYSTEM, BANKRUPTCY, BANKRUPTCY LAW, BENCHMARK, BRAIN DRAIN, BROAD MONEY, BUDGET DEFICITS, BUDGET REVIEW, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, CAPITAL ACCOUNT, CAPITAL INFLOWS, CAPITAL NEEDS, CENTRAL BANK, COLLATERAL, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES, COMPETITIVE MARKET, COMPETITIVENESS, CONFIDENCE INDEX, CONNECTIVITY, CONSUMER CREDIT, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES, CPI, CREDIT GROWTH, CREDIT RISK, CRITICAL MASS, CURRENCY, CURRENCY DEPRECIATION, CURRENCY MISMATCH, CURRENCY MISMATCHES, CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT, DEBT, DEBT LEVELS, DEBT RATIO, DEBT RATIOS, DEBT REDUCTION, DEBTOR, DEPOSIT, DEPOSIT INTEREST, DEPOSITS, DEVALUATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING MARKET, DOMESTIC BORROWING, DOMESTIC CREDIT, ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATES, ECONOMIC BOOM, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OUTCOMES, ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, ECONOMIC PROGRESS, ECONOMIC SITUATION, EFFECTIVE USE, ELASTICITY, ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGING MARKETS, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE, ENVIRONMENTS, EQUIPMENT, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS, EXPENDITURE, EXPENDITURES, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, EXTERNAL FUNDING, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL DISTRESS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL STABILITY, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FISCAL DISCIPLINE, FISCAL POLICY, FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE, FORECASTS, FOREIGN CURRENCY, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN FINANCING, FOREIGN FUNDS, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FUTURE GROWTH, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GOVERNANCE INDICATORS, GOVERNMENT ACTION, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH POTENTIAL, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH RATES, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCE, INCOME, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME LEVEL, INCOME LEVELS, INDEBTEDNESS, INDEPENDENT REGULATORY BODY, INFLATION, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFRASTRUCTURE INFORMATION, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, INSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE, INSTRUMENT, INSURANCE, INTEREST PAYMENTS, INTEREST RATES, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVESTING, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LENDERS, LENDING INTEREST RATE, LIQUIDITY, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL CURRENCY, LOSS OF CONFIDENCE, LOW INTEREST RATES, M3, MACRO-STABILITY, MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, MACROECONOMIC POLICY, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MACROECONOMIC VOLATILITY, MARKET ECONOMY, MARKET POWER, MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES, MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY, MONETARY FUND, MONETARY POLICIES, MONETARY POLICY, MORTGAGE, MORTGAGE MARKET, NATIONAL SAVING, NATURAL MONOPOLY, NET EXPORTS, NEW MARKET, NON-PERFORMING LOANS, PENSIONS, POLICY CREDIBILITY, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESPONSES, PRICE CHANGES, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE INVESTMENTS, PRIVATE INVESTORS, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION PROCESSES, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES, PUBLIC DEBT, PUBLIC FUNDS, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, PUBLIC INVESTMENTS, PUBLIC SPENDING, PURCHASING POWER, RAPID EXPANSION, REAL GDP, REFORM PROGRAM, REGIONAL POWER, REGULATOR, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, RETURN, RETURNS, RISK MANAGEMENT, RULE OF LAW, SAVINGS, SAVINGS BANK, SCARCE CAPITAL, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOVEREIGN DEBT, STATUTORY REQUIREMENT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TAX, TAX REGIME, TAX REVENUES, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TRADE BALANCE, TRADE DEFICIT, TRADING, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSITION COUNTRIES, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, TRANSPARENCY, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, VALUE ADDED, WAGES, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS