Designing Cost-Effective Cash Transfer Programs to Boost Schooling among Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa

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dc.creatorBaird, Sarah
dc.creatorMcIntosh, Craig
dc.creatorOzler, Berk
dc.date2012-03-19T19:13:13Z
dc.date2012-03-19T19:13:13Z
dc.date2009-10-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:12:26Z
dc.descriptionAs of 2007, 29 developing countries had some type of conditional cash transfer program in place, with many others planning or piloting one. However, the evidence base needed by a government to decide how to design a new conditional cash transfer program is severely limited in a number of critical dimensions. This paper presents one-year schooling impacts from a conditional cash transfer experiment among teenage girls and young women in Malawi, which was designed to address these shortcomings: conditionality status, size of separate transfers to the schoolgirl and the parent, and village-level saturation of treatment were all independently randomized. The authors find that the program had large impacts on school attendance: the re-enrollment rate among those who had already dropped out of school before the start of the program increased by two and a half times and the dropout rate among those in school at baseline decreased from 11 to 6 percent. These impacts were, on average, similar in the conditional and the unconditional treatment arms. Although most schooling outcomes examined here were unresponsive to variation in the size of the transfer to the parents, higher transfers given directly to the schoolgirls were associated with significantly improved school attendance and progress - but only if the transfers were conditional on school attendance. There were no spillover effects within treatment communities after the first year of program implementation. Policymakers looking to design cost-effective cash transfer programs targeted toward young women should note the relative insensitivity of these short-term program impacts with respect to conditionality and total transfer size.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091022113350
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/4282
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5090
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/416107
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5090,Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP)
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectALCOHOLIC
dc.subjectATTENDANCE RECORDS
dc.subjectAVERAGE SCHOOLING
dc.subjectBENEFICIARIES
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectCHILD LABOR
dc.subjectCHURCHES
dc.subjectCLASSROOMS
dc.subjectCOGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectCOGNITIVE OUTCOMES
dc.subjectCONTROL GROUPS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDROPOUT
dc.subjectDROPOUT FROM SCHOOL
dc.subjectDROPOUT RATE
dc.subjectEARLY CHILDHOOD
dc.subjectEARLY MARRIAGE
dc.subjectEDUCATION DECISIONS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES
dc.subjectENROLLMENT RATE
dc.subjectENROLMENT RATES
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFINAL OUTCOMES
dc.subjectGIRLS IN SCHOOL
dc.subjectGLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectGRADE LEVELS
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectHIV INFECTION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ASSETS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SIZE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectIHS
dc.subjectIMPACT EVALUATION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINTERVENTION
dc.subjectINTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLEARNING
dc.subjectLITERACY
dc.subjectLITERACY RATES
dc.subjectLITERATURE
dc.subjectLOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectLOW ENROLMENT
dc.subjectLOW ENROLMENT RATES
dc.subjectLOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectMARITAL STATUS
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectNUMBER OF DROPOUTS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF GIRLS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF STUDENTS
dc.subjectPAPERS
dc.subjectPHYSICAL HEALTH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPRIMARY LEVEL
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPROGRAM IMPACTS
dc.subjectPROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
dc.subjectPROGRAMS
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectQUANTITATIVE EVALUATION
dc.subjectREADING
dc.subjectRESEARCH REPORT
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectSAMPLE SIZE
dc.subjectSCHOOL ATTENDANCE
dc.subjectSCHOOL CHILDREN
dc.subjectSCHOOL DAYS
dc.subjectSCHOOL DROPOUTS
dc.subjectSCHOOL ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectSCHOOL ENROLMENT
dc.subjectSCHOOL FEES
dc.subjectSCHOOL GIRLS
dc.subjectSCHOOL SURVEY
dc.subjectSCHOOL YEAR
dc.subjectSCHOOLING
dc.subjectSCHOOLS
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectSEXUAL ACTIVITY
dc.subjectSEXUAL BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectSEXUALLY ACTIVE
dc.subjectSOCIAL MARKETING
dc.subjectSPILLOVER
dc.subjectSUBSISTENCE FARMING
dc.subjectTEACHER
dc.subjectTEENAGE GIRLS
dc.subjectTEENAGE PREGNANCY
dc.subjectTEXTBOOKS
dc.subjectTREATMENT EFFECTS
dc.subjectTREATMENT GROUPS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN CENTER
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectYOUNG PEOPLE
dc.subjectYOUNG WOMEN
dc.titleDesigning Cost-Effective Cash Transfer Programs to Boost Schooling among Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa

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