Integrated mariculture: a global review
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This technical paper provides a comprehensive review of current integrated mariculture practices around the world in three papers covering temperate zones, tropical zones and one semi-enclosed ecosystem, the Mediterranean Sea. Integrated mariculture includes a diverse range of co-culture/farming practices, from integrated multitrophic aquaculture to the more specialized integration of mangrove planting with aquaculture, called aquasilviculture. Modern integrated mariculture systems must be devel oped in order to assist sustainable expansion of the sector in coastal and marine ecosystems thus responding to the global increase for seafood demand but with a new paradigm of more efficient food production systems. Successful integrated mariculture operations must consider all relevant stakeholders into its development plan, there is also a need to facilitate commercialization and promote effective legislation for the support and inclusion of integrated mariculture through adequate incentives particularly considering the reduction of environmental costs associated to monoculture farming. Bioremediation of fed aquaculture impacts through integrated mariculture is a core benefit but the increase of production, more diverse and secure business and larger profits should not be underestimated as additional advantages.