Agriculture and the Clean Development Mechanism

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dc.creatorDinar, Ariel
dc.creatorLarson, Donald F.
dc.creatorFrisbie, J. Aapris
dc.date2012-03-19T18:01:34Z
dc.date2012-03-19T18:01:34Z
dc.date2011-04-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:34:08Z
dc.descriptionMany experts believe that low-cost mitigation opportunities in agriculture are abundant and comparable in scale to those found in the energy sector. They are mostly located in developing countries and have to do with how land is used. By investing in projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), countries can tap these opportunities to meet their own Kyoto Protocol obligations. The CDM has been successful in financing some types of agricultural projects, including projects that capture methane or use agricultural by-products as an energy source. But agricultural land-use projects are scarce under the CDM. This represents a missed opportunity to promote sustainable rural development since land-use projects that sequester carbon in soils can help reverse declining soil fertility, a root cause of stagnant agricultural productivity. This paper reviews the process leading to current CDM implementation rules and describes how the rules, in combination with challenging features of land-use projects, raise transaction costs and lower demand for land-use credits. Procedures by which developed countries assess their own mitigation performance are discussed as a way of redressing current constraints on CDM investments. Nevertheless, even with improvements to the CDM, an under-investment in agricultural land-use projects is likely, since there are hurdles to capturing associated ancillary benefits privately. Alternative approaches outside the CDM are discussed, including those that build on recent decisions taken by governments in Copenhagen and Cancun.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110404091922
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3388
dc.identifier10.1596/1813-9450-5621
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/406316
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5621
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectABATEMENT COSTS
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectAFFORESTATION
dc.subjectAFFORESTATION PROJECTS
dc.subjectAGGREGATE EMISSION
dc.subjectAGGREGATE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectAGGREGATE SUPPLY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE ENERGY
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE FUELS
dc.subjectANIMAL WASTES
dc.subjectANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS
dc.subjectATMOSPHERE
dc.subjectATMOSPHERIC CARBON
dc.subjectBASE-YEAR EMISSIONS
dc.subjectBIO-ENERGY
dc.subjectBIOCHEMISTRY
dc.subjectBIOGAS
dc.subjectBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
dc.subjectBIOMASS
dc.subjectBIOMASS ENERGY
dc.subjectBURNING BIOMASS
dc.subjectCALCULATION
dc.subjectCAPITAL FLOWS
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON ABATEMENT
dc.subjectCARBON CREDITS
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON EMISSION
dc.subjectCARBON EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCARBON IN SOILS
dc.subjectCARBON INVENTORIES
dc.subjectCARBON MARKET
dc.subjectCARBON MARKETS
dc.subjectCARBON MITIGATION
dc.subjectCARBON OFFSETS
dc.subjectCARBON POOLS
dc.subjectCARBON PRICES
dc.subjectCARBON SEQUESTRATION
dc.subjectCARBON STOCKS
dc.subjectCARBON TAX
dc.subjectCARBON TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectCARBON UPTAKE
dc.subjectCH4
dc.subjectCHANGES IN LAND USE
dc.subjectCHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
dc.subjectCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
dc.subjectCLEAN TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE POLICY
dc.subjectCLIMATE RESEARCH
dc.subjectCLIMATIC CHANGE
dc.subjectCO
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectCOMPOST
dc.subjectCOMPOSTING
dc.subjectCOST OF CAPITAL
dc.subjectCROWDING OUT
dc.subjectDEFORESTATION
dc.subjectDEGRADED LAND
dc.subjectDEGRADED LANDS
dc.subjectDESERTIFICATION
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDIFFUSION
dc.subjectDOMESTIC EMISSIONS
dc.subjectECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectECOLOGY
dc.subjectECONOMIC CONDITIONS
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectECOSYSTEM
dc.subjectEFFECTIVE STRATEGY
dc.subjectELECTRIC POWER
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subjectEMERGING MARKETS
dc.subjectEMISSION
dc.subjectEMISSION LIMITS
dc.subjectEMISSION PERMITS
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION UNITS
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectEMISSION TARGETS
dc.subjectEMISSION TRADING
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION
dc.subjectENERGY BUILDINGS
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL LAW
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectFERTILIZERS
dc.subjectFIXED COSTS
dc.subjectFLOODS
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFOREST
dc.subjectFOREST CARBON
dc.subjectFOREST DEGRADATION
dc.subjectFOREST FIRES
dc.subjectFOREST INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREST MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectFORESTRY
dc.subjectFORESTRY PROJECTS
dc.subjectFORESTS
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUELS
dc.subjectFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectFUEL SWITCHING
dc.subjectGASIFICATION
dc.subjectGHG
dc.subjectGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY
dc.subjectGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITY
dc.subjectGLOBAL WARMING
dc.subjectGLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL
dc.subjectGOLD
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GASES
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GASSES
dc.subjectHEATING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectHFCS
dc.subjectHYDROFLUOROCARBONS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINDIGENOUS PEOPLES
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL EMISSIONS
dc.subjectINVENTORY
dc.subjectIPCC
dc.subjectLAND DEGRADATION
dc.subjectLAND ECONOMICS
dc.subjectLAND RESOURCES
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLAND USE CHANGE
dc.subjectLAND-USE EMISSION
dc.subjectLANDFILL
dc.subjectLANDFILL GAS
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectLOGGING
dc.subjectLOW-CARBON
dc.subjectMANDATES
dc.subjectMANURE
dc.subjectMEMBER STATES
dc.subjectMETHANE
dc.subjectMETHANE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectMITIGATION POTENTIAL
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS
dc.subjectN2O
dc.subjectNATURAL ECOSYSTEMS
dc.subjectNATURAL ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNITROGEN
dc.subjectNITROGEN FERTILIZERS
dc.subjectNITROUS OXIDE
dc.subjectNUTRIENTS
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOIL PALM
dc.subjectORGANIC CARBON
dc.subjectORGANIC MATERIAL
dc.subjectORGANIC MATTER
dc.subjectORGANIC POLLUTANTS
dc.subjectORGANIC WASTE
dc.subjectPENALTIES
dc.subjectPERFLUOROCARBONS
dc.subjectPESTICIDES
dc.subjectPFCS
dc.subjectPHOTOSYNTHESIS
dc.subjectPOLLUTION
dc.subjectPOSITIVE EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectPP
dc.subjectPRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROFITABILITY
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectRENEWABLE RESOURCE
dc.subjectRENEWABLE SOURCES
dc.subjectRESOURCE CONSERVATION
dc.subjectRESOURCE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSINK
dc.subjectSOIL CARBON
dc.subjectSTREAMS
dc.subjectSUGAR CANE
dc.subjectSULPHUR
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS
dc.subjectTHERMAL POWER
dc.subjectTRADABLE PERMITS
dc.subjectTRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTROPICAL DEFORESTATION
dc.subjectTROPICAL FOREST
dc.subjectTRUST FUNDS
dc.subjectUNEP
dc.subjectWASTE PRODUCTS
dc.subjectWATER QUALITY
dc.subjectWATER SUPPLY
dc.subjectWELFARE GAINS
dc.subjectWELFARE LOSSES
dc.subjectWILLINGNESS TO PAY
dc.subjectWIND
dc.subjectWIND-ENERGY
dc.titleAgriculture and the Clean Development Mechanism

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