Engendering trade

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dc.creatorDo, Quy-Toan
dc.creatorLevchenko, Andrei A.
dc.creatorRaddatz, Claudio
dc.date2012-03-19T18:04:18Z
dc.date2012-03-19T18:04:18Z
dc.date2011-08-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:09:20Z
dc.descriptionThe authors analyze the interaction between a country's world market integration and its attitude towards gender roles. They discuss both theoretically and empirically how female empowerment is a source of comparative advantage that shapes a country's response to trade opening. Reciprocally, the authors show that as countries integrate into the world economy, the costs and benefits of gender discrimination shift. Their theory goes beyond a potential aggregate wealth effect associated with trade opening, and emphasizes the heterogeneity of impacts. On the one hand, countries in which women are empowered -- measured by fertility rates, female labor force participation or female schooling -- experience an expansion of industries that use female labor relatively more intensively. On the other hand, the gender gap is smaller in countries that export more in relatively female-labor intensive sectors. In an increasingly globalized economy, the road to gender equality is paradoxically very specific to each country s productive structure and exposure to world markets.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110823155547
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3540
dc.identifier10.1596/1813-9450-5777
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/415660
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5777
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectAGGREGATE INCOME
dc.subjectAGGREGATE SUPPLY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectALLOCATION
dc.subjectBARGAINING
dc.subjectBARGAINING POWER
dc.subjectBILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectBIRTHS
dc.subjectBUSINESS CYCLE
dc.subjectCAPITAL INVESTMENT
dc.subjectCOLLEGE EDUCATION
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION LEVELS
dc.subjectCROSS-SECTORAL VARIATION
dc.subjectDEMAND CURVE
dc.subjectDEMAND CURVES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
dc.subjectDIVISION OF LABOR
dc.subjectDOWNWARD PRESSURE
dc.subjectECONOMIC FORCES
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM PRICES
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM WAGES
dc.subjectEXOGENOUS CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectFACTOR MARKETS
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYEES
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectFEMALE INTENSITY
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectFEMALE POPULATION
dc.subjectFEMALE WORKERS
dc.subjectFORMAL LABOR MARKET
dc.subjectFUNCTIONAL FORMS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER COMPOSITION
dc.subjectGENDER DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectGENDER DIVISION OF LABOR
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER IMBALANCE
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER ROLES
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectGIRLS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectINCOME EFFECT
dc.subjectINDUSTRY CHARACTERISTIC
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTORS
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectLABOR COMPENSATION
dc.subjectLABOR DEMAND
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR INTENSITY
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR STATISTICS
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectMACROECONOMICS
dc.subjectMALE WORKERS
dc.subjectMARGINAL PRODUCT
dc.subjectMARGINAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectNOMINAL WAGES
dc.subjectOCCUPATION
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subjectOPTIMIZATION
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPREVIOUS SUBSECTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectREAL GDP
dc.subjectREAL INCOME
dc.subjectREPUBLIC
dc.subjectSOCIAL NORMS
dc.subjectSPECIALIZATION
dc.subjectSTATUS OF WOMEN
dc.subjectSTD
dc.subjectSUPPLY CURVE
dc.subjectTOTAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectTOTAL WAGE
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE-OFF
dc.subjectUTILITY FUNCTION
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectWAGE BILL
dc.subjectWAGE GAP
dc.subjectWAGE INCREASE
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectWORKER
dc.titleEngendering trade

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